Explain why int_{0}^{1} square root{1 + x} d x is more than or equal to int_{0}^{1} square root{1 + x^2} d x. What is the difference between rilles and rays? How was Pascal's triangle discovered? Can a different three-dimensional object appear in the same orthographic drawi...
In the ray approximation, light wavefronts are approximated as a collection of rays, each perpendicular to the wavefront of light and representing the energy flow through the system. A typical application of geometrical optics would be the design of an imaging lens for a camera. Physical ...
If you go all the way out on the electromagnetic spectrum, you will see that gamma rays are the most energetic. This should come as no surprise since it is commonly known that gamma rays have enough energy to penetrate many materials. These rays are very dangerous because of the damage ...
A wide angle lens needs a large front element to allow the disparate angle light rays to all see the entrance pupil, which is where the lens FOV originates. The deeper the entrance pupil the larger the front element required. One consequence of a smaller front element can be “cat’s eye...
ray tracing is a rendering technique used in computer graphics to create realistic images by simulating the way light interacts with objects. it traces rays of light from the viewer's perspective, and each ray bounces off surfaces, interacts with materials, and ultimately determines the color and...
Currently, the Ignore Errors option is turned ON to prevent the geometry error dialog from continually being issued. Even from the Shaded Model plot, it appears as if the flux on the detector plane is strikingly too circular, almost as if the rays from the topmost LED are not being ac...
The optical prescription of this camera lens (as described inRef. 1) is given in the following table. The geometry consists of two doublet lenses together with a field-flattening lens. Altogether, the rays refract across eight different surfaces. Two additional surfaces for the aperture stop and...
The name is derived from the bundle of light rays that pass through each lens position. Through the algorithm, all photos are adjusted simultaneously to create an intersection of all light rays at each pass point and ground control points. This, in turn, solves the unknown quantities consisting...
Note that to use a hologram in reflection, its Material must be set to “Mirror”. This explicitly indicates OpticStudio that rays propagate in the opposite direction after hitting the hologram surface. The shape of Hologram 1 and Hologram 2 is controlled by Radius and Conic parameters, enabling...
and, hence, the limits of detection. The specific difference to all other EDXRF techniques is the very shallow incident angle. It is indeed so shallow that the monochromatized excitation X-rays are totally reflected at a smooth substrate, hence the name. This geometry offers three main ...