In a theoretical experiment, the six error sources led to an 37% underestimation of the diffusion coefficient. This highlights that diffusion coefficients cannot be determined accurately with existing experimental methods. At the same time, the need for measuring precise diffusion coefficients as input ...
The severity of a recession is measured by the three D's: depth, diffusion, and duration. Arecession'sdepth is determined by the magnitude of the peak-to-trough decline in the broad measures of output, employment, income, and sales. Its diffusion is measured by the extent of its spread ...
with pilot cities as the experimental group and non-pilot cities as the control group, to measure the average treatment effect of SCP on employment using difference
In particular, they are relatively large for individuals who have at least one network partner who is perceived to be using contraceptives or or to be at high risk of HIV/AIDS, which is consistent with S-shaped diffusion models that have been emphasized in the literature. Fourth, the effects...
How do you measure drug permeability? There is a variety of methods that have been developed to assess drug permeation across the gastrointestinal tract. The methods includein situ perfusion through isolated intestinal segments, ex vivo diffusion across tissues, and in vitro permeation through cell mo...
Money can be tainted when it is associated with direct or indirect harm to others. Deciding whether to accept “dirty money” poses a dilemma because money can be used to help others, but accepting dirty money has moral costs. How people resolve the dile
Whether the energy vehicle manufacturer chooses to produce NEVs, whether the consumer chooses to purchase NEVs and whether the government subsidizes them have become the critical decisions to be considered in the NEV diffusion system. The energy vehicle manufacturer will thoroughly consider the relationsh...
However, capturing the productivity potential of advanced economies may require a focus on promoting both demand and digital diffusion in addition to more traditional supply-side approaches. Furthermore, continued research will be needed to better understand and measure productivity growth in a digital ...
This diffusion flux keeps the pores bubble-free, avoiding deactivation of the electrochemically active surface area of the electrode as well as mechanical stress that would otherwise lead to catalyst degradation. The transport regime of the dissolved gas, viz. diffusion control vs. transfer control ...
(FI) refers to abilities related to solving new problems independently of acquired knowledge11. Reaction time (RT) as a measure of cognitive processing speed provides strong evidence in support of the idea that people are more intelligent because they have faster brains2. A meta-analysis over ...