Measuring the free levels of these protein- bound hormones is likely to provide a better measure of the true hormone status than measuring the total levels in situations where the levels and/or affinities of the binding proteins are altered. Methods to measure free hormo...
Both cancer and fibrosis are diseases involving dysregulation of cell signaling pathways resulting in an altered cellular microenvironment which ultimately leads to progression of the condition. The two disease entities share common molecular pathophysiology and recent research has illuminated the how each pr...
A ZS Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments) was used to measure the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of oligomer and vesicles at 25 °C. 21 μm oligomer (monomer equivalent) and 1.26 mm DOPG vesicles (molar ratio 1:60) were prepared with 100 nm diameter as described above. All samples were m...
In this article, a protocol for co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), in which an antibody is used to isolate its target antigen and its binding partner from a mixed sample, is presented. Binding partners purified with immunoprecipitated proteins can be identified by western blotting or mass ...
25 levels, corresponding to iso-proportions of the density, are shown in each plot; the lowest contour level is not colored. (B) Analysis corresponding to that in Figure 3C, except using a measure of motion of the base of the gate loop (based on the position of the D290 Cα atom) ...
PBOV1 is verified to be a key oncogene which greatly promotes HCC proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and stemness by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, single-chain antibody for epidermal growth factor receptor (scAb-EGFR)-targeted nanomedicine effectively sile...
The benefit of omega-3 supplementation has been debated in the cardiology and nutritional literature for many years. Most studies of supplementation have failed to measure tissue levels achieved and often used very low doses. But when tissue levels were measured, either in the serum or red blood...
Once naïve B cells are activated by interacting with the cognate CD4+ T cells and the ligation of CD40, the activated B cells will proliferate and differentiate to either memory B cells or antibody-secreting plasma cells in lymphoid organs. The newly activated B cells with a high and low ...
A previously described BFP force-clamp assay was used to measure TCR–pMHC bond lifetimes in a range of constant forces at room temperature2. Briefly, pMHC was coated onto streptavidin-conjugated glass beads via biotin-streptavidin coupling. A pMHC-coupled bead was attached to a biotinylated RBC ...
To test this hypothesis, we employed a recently developed Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) method to directly measure partitioning of WH2 domains between actin monomers and filament ends44(Fig.5A, Supplementary Fig.6). To this end, we conjugated a fluorescent donor (Alexa488) to a si...