The incentive system (points, scores, stars, levels, and performance feedback) integrates design elements to keep a learner engaged. In the work described here, we investigated which elements of the incentive system design—rewards, penalties, or feedback—have the potential to trigger students' ...
Managing such conflicts (e.g., deciding whether to check incoming messages when the smartphone rings or lights up during non-work time), however, has been demonstrated to involve acts of self-control [8,22]. Taken together, work-related smartphone use is highly likely to draw on and ...