The Italian mathematician and scientist Avogadro developed the theory behind Avogadro's Number in the early nineteenth century: Avogadro's Law declares that the ratio of the weights of any two gases of the same known volume at the same temperature and pressure is equivalent to ...
Atomic mass is defined as the number of protons and neutrons in an atom, where each proton and neutron has a mass of approximately 1 amu (1.0073 and 1.0087, respectively). The electrons within an atom are so miniscule compared to protons and neutrons that their mass is negligible. The carbo...
How can we probe the atom mass currents induced by synthetic gauge fieldsA. ParamekantiM. KilliS. TrotzkyAmerican Physical SocietyBulletin of the American Physical Society
The three types of ionizing radiation we're going to discuss here are alpha particles, beta particles and rays. Particulate radiation involves fast-moving, small particles that have energy and mass. When an unstable atom disintegrates, it produces particulate radiation, including alpha and beta part...
Let's repeat a similar version of their theoretical experiment, imagining we have an iron atom, plus a piston able to squish it with enormous force. By compressing the nucleus of the iron atom, we add energy to its 26 protons and 30 neutrons. If we press hard enough, the protons an...
Find out how X-ray machines see straight to your bones. The voltage difference between the cathode and anode is extremely high, so the electrons fly through the tube with a great deal of force. When a speeding electron collides with a tungsten atom, it knocks loose an electron in one ...
The basic rule is that the tools you use have to be smaller than the things you're using them on.Photo: Inside an atom: electrons are the particles in shells (orbitals) around the nucleus (center).And the same goes for science. The smallest thing you can see with a microscope is ...
You won't find the book version ofJack Rooney (John Bradley)untilDeath's End, and you might miss him if you blink. He's called Hu Wen, and he became wealthy by mass-producing "Green Tempest," a herbal soda based on something his cancer-stricken friend from school once concocted on a...
Let’s break down the key components of a motor: Motor stator: The stationary part of the motor consists of multiple metal coils. The coil wire is coated in enamel to prevent short-circuiting as it’s wound in multiple loops. When an electrical current passes through the stator coils, it...
Fungi are a highly diverse group of heterotrophic organisms that play an important role in diverse ecological interactions, many of which are chemically mediated. Fungi have a very versatile metabolism, which allows them to synthesize a large number of s