Protein coding features can emerge de novo in non coding transcripts, resulting in emergence of new protein coding genes. Studies across many species show that a large fraction of evolutionarily novel non-coding RNAs have an antisense overlap with protei
Influenza virus can escape most antibodies with single mutations. However, rare antibodies broadly neutralize many viral strains. It is unclear how easily influenza virus might escape such antibodies if there was strong pressure to do so. Here, we map al
Hydrogen bonds are marked by a dotted orange line.aClassical DNA base pairs, universal to all three domains of life and most viruses.bOther types of base pairs with three hydrogen bonds found in some organisms and viruses. Additional chemical groups are in red. 2-aminoadenine : thymine (Z:T...
The membrane attack complex (MAC) is one of the immune system’s first responders. Complement proteins assemble on target membranes to form pores that lyse pathogens and impact tissue homeostasis of self-cells. How MAC disrupts the membrane barrier remai
The BioProject accession number is PRJNA866304. 2.9. Statistics Statistical analyses were performed with IBM SPSS Statistics (version 28.0.0.0; Armonk, NY, USA) to compare the efficiencies of StT, StT+C and StT+U. Only data from 1:500 diluted, treated cultures (considered as our “end ...
Numbers next to the data points indicate the time point of the incubation when BP was measured. Colors indicate the different fractions and symbols the different months when the experiments were performed (Spearman’s r: 0.63; Type II regression: p < 0.0001). 3.3. Drivers of Bacterial ...