In addition, biodiversity has a direct impact on a forest’s ability to provide benefits such as disturbance regulation. Given the fundamental importance and interrelatedness of forests and biodiversity, we exp
How to estimate isotope fractionations of a Rayleigh-like but diffusion-limited disequilibrium process?doi:10.1007/s11631-022-00587-2Isotope fractionationReservoir isotope effectRayleigh-like distillation processDiffusional isotope effectNumerical modelingDisequilibrium process...
The Drake equation, developed by astronomer Frank Drake and promoted by Carl Sagan, is used to estimate the number of intelligent civilizations in the universe. In contrast, geologist Peter Ward and astronomer Donald Brownlee from the University of Washington have proposed a hypothesis -- the Rare...
so if there is less bleed water then the evaporation limit needs to be set lower-more like 0.05 to 0.1 pounds per square foot per hour. The best approach for decorative concrete is to try to alter conditions so you don't need to do initial curing: block the wind, keep the sun off ...
The smaller the dew point temperature is compared to the environmental temperature, the less likely condensation is to occur, indicating drier air. General aviation pilots use this data to calculate the likelihood of carburetor icing and fog formation and estimate the height of cumuliform cloud ...
Since no solid records exist for most historical periods, scholars have to estimate worldwide populations based on whatever demographic information they can piece together. In 10,000 B.C., there were between one and 10 million humans. By 1,000 B.C. there were 50 million. In A.D. 600, ...
the more recent work of Digby et al.61indicates a lower central estimate for the RF of cirrus cloud formation while maintaining equally important uncertainty ranges. Consequently, climate- and warming-neutrality exhibit wider uncertainties than flight CO2-neutrality: the CDR requirement scales with the...
The fractal dimension makes it possible to estimate the key properties, such as cluster size, gelation time, and gel elasticity [20]. In the studies about the cluster formation kinetics, the influence of rotational diffusion on the fractal dimension of the forming structures is typically neglected...
To prevent crowding, check the spread of plants at maturity to estimate how many will fit in your garden. You don’t want your plants to start pushing up against each other after a year in the ground. Cold hardiness zone Make sure you choose plants that can withstand your yard’s seaso...
Quick-estimate planning: If you're content with a general guesstimate of how much fuel you'll need to bring, the general consensus is to figure on boiling one liter of water per person per meal. Once you have that number, you'll use your stove's boil and burn time specs to cal...