Download: Download high-res image (1011KB) Download: Download full-size image Figure 1. Intestinal Bacteria Convert Dietary Nutrients to Immunomodulatory Metabolites Polysaccharides that cannot be digested by host enzymes, such as cellulose, are metabolized by the intestinal microbiota to short-chain fat...
Similar questions apply to DCs, T cells and B cells that accumulate in healthy arteries. Do they sense components of the artery wall, particularly those from the immunoprivileged media that might be released in response to physiological (for example, hemodynamic) stresses, and be presented to mai...
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GPR81-mediated signaling in colonic DCs and macrophages plays an important role in suppressing colonic inflammation [52]. Lactate also induces downregulation of myeloid cell activation mediated by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and leads to a decrease in the production of TNF-α and IL-6 [53]. More...
Type I IFNs also modulate the adaptive immune response: they form a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity by stimulating dendritic cells (DCs), which results in enhanced antigen presentation to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells [34]. NLRP3 is a part of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which becomes ...