Determine the Vcc in a feedback-biased circuit. This can be done using the formula: Vcc = Vrc + Vrb + Vbe + (Ic + Ib)Rc + IbRb + Vbe, where "Vrc" is the voltage across the collector resistor; "Vrb" is the voltage across the base resistor (connected across the base) and the ...
leaving 2.8V for us to do something with. If we don’t, the LED will burn up. That’s where the resistor comes in, but let’s also look at the forward current needed for the blue LED. We only need 20mA. If only there was a way to relate current and voltage to find resistance....
1. Using a Shunt Resistor This is perhaps the simplest way to measure current, and will be discussed here in detail. The current-to-voltage converter here is the humble resistor. Basic knowledge tells us that the voltage across a resistor is proportional to the current flowing through it. Th...
CT burden resistor is a resistor which is connected across the secondary winding of current transformer. The burden resistor is used to protect the current transformer under the open conditions. Secondary winding of CT should be always in a closed circuit to avoid high voltage built up in the s...
What Is a Load? This is the device connected to a voltage source. It could be a motor, bulb, heater, LED, or an electronic resistor. What Are Watts? Power is the rate at which energy is consumed by a load and is measured in watts. A kilowatt is 1000 watts, also abbreviated to kW...
resistor. In addition, the impedance of the electrodes is very low due to the high conductivity of metals, so the voltage drop across them can be neglected. As a result of these considerations, the circuit in Fig.1c can be represented, to a very good approximation, by a capacitor, a ...
With the maximum di/dt of the load defined, it is possible to set a constraint on the inductor’s maximum value for use in the system. The following equation to determine the inductor value factors in the di/dt of the load and the maximum voltage drop allowed across that inductor during...
HereVis the voltage drop across the loadR. Also, the maximum current that can be drawn from a battery is now reduced due to this internal resistance. If the value ofI > I(0),then the value of V becomes negative, which implies anegativeR. This is essentially impossible. One can conclude...
Two localized increases in temperature can be observed at the resistor of the anemometer, as well as in the lower part near the power jack, where the voltage regulator of the Arduino UNO is located. A hot-wire anemometer is used to measure the air speeds that are normally medium-low in ...
Linear oscillators: A harmonic oscillator produces a sinusoidal output. It relies on the principle of resonance, where an LC (inductor-capacitor) or RC (resistor-capacitor) circuit is used to determine the frequency of oscillation. The most common types include the Colpitts, Hartley, and RC Phase...