conditionality per se. Specifically, we utilize a compound instrumental variable design over a system of three equations to address sources of endogeneity related to, first, the IMF participation decision and, second, the conditions included within the program. In Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrat...
Corporate rules are often analysed without attending to the strengths and limitations of the body making, monitoring or implementing those rules. However,
In contrast, the IMF classifies all of the bottom 10 countries as emerging and developing economies. Statistical analysis across all countries affirms that more connected countries tend to be more prosperous than less connected countries. All else equal, if one country has twice as high a GDP ...
The authors show how to determine the optimal shrinking intensity (αshrink) and, using historical data, illustrate their approach through numerical experiments in which the method out-performs all other standard estimators. Subsequently, following the BCBS’s proposal, we consider an initial ...
Financial crisis refers to an economic condition encompassing different situations where substantial financial assets, including real estate and stocks, incur a sudden sharp drop in their nominal worth. Overextension of credit to borrowers and economic booms are the periods...
59K Explore the concept of melting points. See examples of how scientists determine a substance's melting points and learn how to calculate the melting point of a substance. Related to this QuestionDefine the term boiling point, and describe how it depends...
Economic stability means the economy of a region or country shows no wide fluctuations in key measures of economic performance, such as gross domestic product, unemployment or inflation. Rather, stable economies demonstrate modest growth in GDP and jobs while holding inflation to a minimum. ...
Creditor nations have invested more resources in other countries than the rest of the world has invested in them. To determine if a country is a creditor nation, one must account for the nation's overall debt balance when calculating thebalance of payments. Creditor nations can sometimes lose ...
In business management,forecastingserves as a cornerstone of strategic decisions, influencing almost every aspect of an organization's operations. By attempting to predict trends and conditions through qualitative and quantitative measures discussed below, companies aim to position themselves advantageously in ...
As of the second quarter of 2024, central banks held around 58.22% of their allocated reserves in U.S. dollars, according to theInternational Monetary Fund(IMF).10Many of the reserves are in cash or U.S.bonds, such as U.S. Treasuries. When Was the American Dollar Created? The his...