They perform critical function in providing an isolation barrier, enabling high step-down or step-up ratios and accommodating multiple or inverting outputs. Although it is possible to make a dedicated subcircuit for a specific transformer, LTspice enables a preferable method: Define a separate inducto...
This is Part 2 of a series of three articles that provideLTspice®EMC and signal integrity simulation models. In “How to Get the Best Results Using LTspice for EMC Simulation—Part 1”, we provided LTspice simulation tools for power supply components, conducted emissions, an...
In tissue engineering (TE), the application of electric fields (E-Fields) to cell cultures has been shown to promote a variety of cellular responses, such as proliferation, migration, growth, differentiation, extracellular matrix expression, or even apoptosis. E-fields are thought to transiently ch...
To avoid over charging, a BMS was employed. With my understanding, BMS operated in this way. The BMS monitored voltage across each battery bank. If any one of the banks was over 4.2V, It shorted that bank plus and minus terminals with a resistor to bleed current out and lower its volta...