Once enough heat is added to a liquid to drive its vapor pressure to the level of atmospheric pressure, the liquid begins to boil. How much heat needs to be added depends on the characteristics of the substance. But what if the substance is not pure water, but instead a solution in whic...
How to calculate vapor pressure using enthalpy of vaporization What is enthalpy of fusion? What is enthalpy of steam? Given equations (1), (2), and (3), calculate the standard enthalpy of formation of acetylene, C_2H_2, as shown in equation (4). (1) C(\text{graphite}) + O_2(g...
The Clausius Clapeyron equation is a thermodynamic equation that relates the change in vapor pressure of a substance to its temperature. It is often used to calculate the vapor pressure of a substance at different temperatures, and can also be used to estimate the boiling poin...
Understand equilibrium constant and reaction quotient and their definitions. Learn their symbols and differences, how to calculate Q and K, and see examples. Related to this Question How does temperature affect equilibrium? What are some ways in which the pressure on an equilibrium system could be...
How to Calculate Particle Concentration. The particle concentration within a solution describes the number of particles dissolved in the solvent. A solution may contain billions upon billions of particles, so chemists, for convenience, specify the amount
This example problem demonstrates how to calculate freezing point depression using a solution of salt in water. Key Takeaways: Calculate Freezing Point Depression Freezing point depression is a property of solutions where the solute lowers the normal freezing point of the solvent. ...
Typical household vinegar is a 0.9 M solution with a pH of 2.4. Using the data, it's possible to calculate the dissociation constant: 1. Set Up the ICE Table for Concentrations Acetic Acid (CH3CO2)H) Hydronium Ions (H3O+) Acetate Ions ( CH3CO2-) ...
1) Some people say that evaporation of water generates cooling because the temperature (speed?) of the molecules of water changing from solid to liquid is hotter (is it 100C?) than the average of the solution, and so as liquid water turns into vapor, the average temperature of the ...
As wind moves over the car in the tunnel, computers are used to calculate the drag coefficient (Cd). Wind tunnels are really nothing new. They've been around since the late 1800s to measure airflow over many early aircraft attempts. Even the Wright Brothers had one. After World War II,...
Calculation of Solute Needed for a Specified Molarity Consider a problem that asks for the weight of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4, required to prepare 250 milliliters (ml) of a 0.5 M solution. The first step is to calculate the number of moles of Na2SO4 required by multiplying the volume of...