从期望值的角度分析为啥赌场永远是赢家? 文中案例参考了Courtney K. Taylor的文章《How to Calculate the Expected Value》 甭管是出于好奇心理“想长长见识”还是志在于此,很多去澳门和拉斯维加斯旅游的人应该都进过赌场,赌场里一般都会有轮盘赌;另一方面,不管是哪个国家,都有本国发行的彩票。今天的主题是用期望...
You'll need the bond's par value as well as its purchase price to calculate the expected return on bonds, Par Value and Bond Maturity Thepar valueof the bond is its face value. Most corporate bonds have a par value of $1,000. The bond purchaser is entitled to $1,000 when the bond...
1. Calculating Expected Return Using a Probability Distribution: Yes, you can calculate the expected return in Excel using a probability distribution. To do so, follow these steps: Enter the formula: =SUMPRODUCT(returns, probability) Replacereturnswith the range of possible returns andprobabilitywith...
How to Calculate an Expected Rate of Return To calculate your expected rate of return, you'll need to locate a few figures relevant to your investments. This is what the formula for the expected rate of return look likes: Expected Return = (Return A x Probability A) + (Return B x Prob...
What is Expected Return? The expected return on an investment is the expected value of the probability distribution of possible returns it can provide to investors. The return on the investment is an unknown variable that has different values associated with different probabilities. Expected return is...
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Python allows programmers to perform the task, here is the Python program to calculate the expected value - # Importing NumPy libraryimportnumpyasnump# Defining function to calculate Expected ValuedefcalculateExpectedValue(values,weights): values=nump.asarray(values)weights=nump.asarray(weights)return(...
Reversely, we can calculate the present value of the money with this equation: PV = FV/((1+r)^n) What Is the Internal Rate of Return (IRR)? IRR is the interest rate that balances your initial investment and future cash flows.
If yourexpected returnon the individual investments in your portfolio is known or can be anticipated, you can calculate the portfolio's overall rate of return usingMicrosoft Excel. If you don't use Excel, you can use a basic formula to calculate the expected return of the portfolio. Calc...
How to Calculate Expected Return Tocalculatethe expected return of a portfolio, the investor needs to know the expected return of each of the securities in their portfolio as well as the overall weight of each security in the portfolio. That means the investor needs to add up the weighted ave...