Methods African Cigarette Prices Project and WHO's Global Tobacco Epidemic Reports data were used to calculate the rate of tax pass-through by decomposing the retail price of cigarettes into tax and net prices between 2016 and 2020. Percentage change in net price was used to identify industry ...
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But for Africa to fully computerise its tax collection systems, Mr Oriedo calls for the digitisation of all government and private sector data to ease the deployment of technogies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) that can help revenue authorities curb tax fraud. "We have so much data in...
For those who trusted their businesses, public funds, and futures to his ‘find a way’, the price was giving up on knowhow, experience and networks. Typically, when sourcing seeds for biofuels from Ethiopia, his knowledge of the export rules did not exist.He had no contacts, ...
(18.5 million households).10It includes detailed information on 256 expenditure groups and socioeconomic characteristics of households. Data for 2019 (20,817 households) and 2022 (20,585 households) have been used. This information has allowed us to calculate an indicator of EP for Spanish ...
An initial step in the matching procedure is to calculate the probability of participating in IMF-supported programs conditional on observable economic and political conditions, estimated via a probit model.Footnote4The next step entails generating matches of similar probabilities, or propensity scores, ...
Step 1) Calculate Profits or Losses Using the Buy Date and Sell Date Figure out how much profit you made from selling cryptocurrency. Did you buy a coin low and sell it high for a profit? To answer this question, multiply the sale price of your cryptocurrency by the amount of the coin...
The basic principle of DID is to calculate changes before and after an event 2174 Journal of Geographical Sciences Table 1 List of selected countries and their classifications of different income groups Income groups Countries Low-income Burkina-Faso, Ethiopia, Gambia, Madagascar, Mozambique, Rwanda,...
Because FPI data might be inadequate to monitor the food costs for poor people, we developed an alternative staple grain price index which consists of the retail prices of wheat, maize, rice, sorghum, and millet. We used several sources to compile this retail price database and calculate the...
*TNT uses a volumetric conversion factor to calculate whether a shipment will be charged according to its statistical weight or volumetric weight - whichever is greater. TNT reserves the right to assess fuel and other surcharges on shipments without notice. The amount and duration of any such su...