The following article is based on my understanding of Colombian income taxes. This is based on my actually filing income taxes in Colombia over the past several years. In addition,I researched Colombia’s income taxes and also talked to my Colombian tax specialist. We highly recommend talking to...
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Free cash flow is what is left after a business pays its day-to-day operating expenses, such as its mortgage or rent, payroll, taxes, and inventory costs. Learn how to calculate free cash flow and how to utilize it for your business.
Aim to keep your balance low when the card issuer reports it to the credit bureaus, because this is part of the data used to calculate your credit score. You can either pay down the balance before the billing cycle ends or, if your income is less reliable, make smaller payments throughou...
and WW index are commonly used to measure enterprise financing constraints in the existing literature. This paper uses the method of Hadlock and Pierce (2010) for reference and uses the SA index to calculate the financing constraints of enterprises, as shown in Eq. (6). The larger the SA in...
Be sure to calculate the cost of your license into your startup costs. Although there are general business licenses, there are also specialty licenses that may apply to your business. Branding and marketing your business Starting a business is an exciting prospect, but there are a lot of detai...
We calculate the average tax base in each postcode, and we allocate that value as a proxy of income corresponding to the store located in the same postcode. The second measure is an estimate of household income provided by the chain. For marketing purposes, the chain has asked a consultancy...
It’s no secret that you need funding to start a business, but before you can secure the money you need to cover startup costs, there are a few things you need to do first. Calculate your business costs before seeking outside funding. This will help you choose the right funding source...
The Spanish tax authorities need your NIE number to calculate how much tax you owe. Once you’ve moved to Spain, you need to apply for your NIE number and your Spanish residence at the same time. To get your NIE number, visit your local police station with your passport. Under the ...
(with a market/bank ratio of −3.75) in order to illustrate the substantive significance of their results and to calculate the predicted effect of a 1.5 standard deviation increase in gross portfolio flows on the probability of a banking crisis. They find that “for Spain 2003 the baseline ...