We introduce a methodology for quantitatively measuring at all times in its evolution how close our physical spatially flat [Formula: see text] CDM universe with cosmological constant [Formula: see text] is to the de Sitter spacetime [Formula: see text] with de Sitter radius [Formula: see ...
How to Calculate The Phi FunctionA simple (but a little tedious) way to perform the calculation by hand is:Write down all of the numbers in the set. Delete the numbers that share any common factor greater than 1.As an example, let’s say the number in the set is n = 30....
For most values of s, this globally convergent form isn’t particularly useful for us “calculate it by hand” folk, because it still has an infinite sum (and adding an infinite number of terms takes a while). Very fortunately, there’s another cute trick we can use here. When n>d, ...
Urbanization and climate change are contributing to severe flooding globally, damaging infrastructure, disrupting economies, and undermining human well-being. Approaches to make cities more resilient to floods are emerging, notably with the design of flood-resilient structures, but relatively little is kno...
Background: My brief is to calculate the temperature inside a metal plate of dimensions 0.8m by 0.4m, this plate is heated in part of the top and left edge to 100 degrees, and cooled in the part of the bottom and right edge at 0 degrees (I believe i h...
The geodesic aspect at a location is the angular direction α of the downslope surface with respect to north, as measured on a plane that is tangent to the ellipsoid surface (the blue plane in the illustration below). To calculate the aspect at each location, a quadratic or biquadratic surfa...
to calculate its quantities, which otherwise can only be obtained from experiments , e.g., the value of the heat capacity, or from approximate phenomenological laws, e.g, the van der Waals equation of state. With these two extensions, statistical mechanics is a complete theory providing the ...
This paper utilizes the entropy method of empowerment and dimensionality reduction to calculate the composite score of col- lege students' goal clarity. Self‑monitoring Drawing on related research on self-monitoring scales and com- bining the traits of Chinese college students (Ji et al.,...
An undirected graph is a structure composed of vertices connected by edges. Edges are assigned weights corresponding to the distance between the connected points. Useful algorithms such as Dijkstra’s algorithm to calculate shortest paths [171], Minimum Spanning Tree [172], and graph-based clustering...
Do you know off the top of your head how to calculate v & h? I’m drawing my hexagons off of a radius, and my implementation of your isInside function is giving me pretty poor hit checks. It is my assumption that: hex.getHeight() returns hexagon.radius * sqrt(3); ...