As the phase constant can vary between different waves, it's helpful to use the formula in Excel to compare the differences. The percentage difference formula is one method of doing that. If the phase constant varies over multiple waves, you can also use an Excel formula to calculate percenta...
Learn how to calculate the amplitude of constructively interfering waves, and see examples that walk through sample problems step-by-step for you to improve your physics knowledge and skills.
you can calculate the shear rate for extrusion of a screw channel. This equation is starkly similar to the original shear rate formula (γ = V/x) in dividing the velocity of the moving layer by the distance between the two layers. This ...
Each encoder state is nominally 90deg electrical, so a ±35 degrees electrical error is a ±39% error; ±5 degrees electrical error is ±5.5% error. We calculate v = Δθ/Δt. The time measurement Δt is determined by the accuracy of the CPU clock, which for a crystal oscillator is ...
Mean and average voltages-- Oscilloscopes can calculate the average or mean of your signal, and it can also tell you the average of your signal's minimum and maximum voltage. When to Use an O-Scope The o-scope is useful in a variety of troubleshooting and research situations, including: ...
The waveform parameters of a "117 V and 230 V RMS alternating current" sine wave form are summarized at the table below. The crest factor means the ratio of the peak voltage to the RMS voltage. If we need to calculate an attenuator (attenuation calculation) we calculate avoltage divider....
When we visualize waves, we often think of transverse waves — like the rolling waves on a beach — where the motion of the wave is perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer. However, sound waves are a different type altogether — a longitudinal wave. In longitudinal sound waves, suc...
convert it to watts (by multiplying by 1,000) or keep it in kilowatts make sure your voltage is in kilovolts (kV = volts ÷ 1,000). For example, if you have a 0.85 power factor, 1.5 kW of power and a voltage of 230 V, simply quote your power as 1,500 W and calculate: ...
Energy Used = Power x Time Energy in Kilowatt hours (kWh) = Power in kW x Time in HoursWhat Is a kWh? How to Calculate Energy Consumption of Appliances. Power is the rate at which a device uses energy. So for instance an air conditioning unit, shower or kitchen range/cooker uses elec...
To calculate the exit pupil divide the objective lens size by magnification. So the higher the magnification, the larger the objective lens needed to maintain image brightness.As a general rule of thumb, try to get a scope where the exit pupil is 1.33mm or more.Because in conditions besides...