To interpret our model, we further analyze the random forest regression results using SHAP (Shapley Additive exPlanations)35, a generalized metric for feature importance, which utilizes the game-theory-based Shapley values to calculate the contribution of each feature to the model’s output. SHAP in...
The detected intensities from the mass spectrometer were calibrated by linear regression, and then the equation of the calibration curve was used to calculate concentrations of dissolved ions in the electrolyte. The dissolution rate of Al is converted by subtracting the solute contribution from the ...
There are two lone electrons on each of the two outer nitrogen atoms. The overall external appearance of the molecule shows a -1 form of charge. The N3- Lewis structure is shown below: Steps for drawing the N3- Lewis structure Step 1 Calculate the number of valence electrons for N ...
Coulomb's law made it possible to calculate the electrostatic force between any two charged objects, but it didn't reveal the fundamental nature of those charges. What was the source of the positive and negative charges? As we'll see in the next section, scientists were able to answer tha...
Atoms have a desire to lose or gain an electron in order to be stable. Once they've either gained or lost some electrons, they have charge associated with them since their electron and proton numbers no longer balance out. But what determines what happens to the electrons an atom has? It...
To calculate the minimum thrust required for your motor and propeller combination, you’ll need the estimated total weight of your drone. A general rule of thumb is that the maximum thrust produced by all motors should be at least double the total weight of the quadcopter. Insufficient thrust ...
If we calculate the ratios of the measured solubilities from the y-offsets of the fits in Fig. 11 to the corresponding error bars in the matrix/solid ratio, we get ratios of ~5 for both elements, indicating that we can exclude segregation to the grain boundary within 5σ intervals which...
Hint: Draw out the molecular shape, and then calculate the electronegativity difference. Answer: Since all the dipole moments cancel in this tetrahedral molecule, CH4is nonpolar. References LibreTexts: 6.1: Electronegativity and Polarity LibreTexts: 9.2: The VSEPR Model ...
In an example of a simple chemical reaction, one atom of potassium (K) can react with one atom of chlorine (Cl) to form a molecule of potassium chloride (KCl) with nothing left over. But this is not because potassium atoms and chlorine atoms have the same mass. Instead, it is because...
First, the atoms are heated in an oven and bundled into a beam. Each atom has one of two possible energy states. They are referred to ashyperfine levels, but let's call them state A and state B. A magnetic field then removes all atoms in state B from the beam, so only atoms in ...