Parameters (10) and (11) are used to calculate the optimistic ideal and the opposite optimal solutions accordingly.zij*+=max(z1*+,z2*+,⋯,zp*+)Di−=∑jx(zij*−zj*−)2 The significance of resources tourism growth force Ci is acquired as:Ci=Di−/(Di++Di−) 3.2. The LMD...
a common practice providing a number of benefits to farmers. The promotion of less intensive tillage practices and no tillage (NT) (the absence of mechanical soil disturbance) aims to mitigate negative impacts on soil quality and to preserve soil organic carbon (SOC). Several reviews and ...
How do plants get the nitrogen they need to grow? How do CO2 emissions affect marine life and ecosystems? How does photosynthesis moderate global warming? How much land is needed for subsistence farming? How do you calculate greenhouse gas emissions from electricity use?
Why aren't the magnifications of both ocular lenses of a binocular microscope used to calculate total magnification? How are humans able to differentiate particular pairs of speech sounds? Why is auditory reaction time faster than visual? Why is the sense of hearing important? How does the depth...
Using meteorological data and mathematical statistics analysis,we take Jungar Banner in the northern farming-pastoral region of China for example,to analyze the fluctuations in the precipitation and average temperature in Jungar Banner during the period 1961-2009.We calculate the NPP of agricultural ...
And in another effort to calculate the age of the planet, scientists turned to the rocks that cover its surface. However, becauseplate tectonicsconstantly changes and revamps the crust, the first rocks have long since been recycled, melted down and reformed into new outcrops. ...
The Hartmann60 model production function and the Michael59 chronology function were used to calculate an overall age of 3.65 ± 0.01 Ga for the sedimentary wedge (i.e., Late Noachian60). wdehnesrietyh(w1i0s0t0h kegr/emlie3f).inThmeseeteersst(im~3a5te0s0 omf to ~...
An updated methodology applies a geographic information system (GIS) to calculate SOC densities for each forest type within a region from soil databases and satellite-derived land cover information. Campbell et al. (2008) showed large differences in the outcomes of both approaches and identified the...
The range of the CO2fertilisation coefficient (Alexandrov et al.2003; “Appendix” section) is set to between 0 and 1 (Fig.4g, black) to reflect the large uncertainty in the magnitude of the sensitivity of global Net Primary Productivity (NPP, PgC yr−1) to CO2doubling (Ciais et al.20...
We applied three newly established yield tables together with allometric biomass functions, turnover of leaves, (fine and coarse) roots, and branches to calculate net primary production (NPP). We then estimated heterotrophic respiration (Rh) using a number of empirical relationships [54]. Finally,...