To calculate the gradient, we used the Python function numpy.gradient. The gradient provides a measure of the rate of increase or decrease of the signal; we consider the absolute value of the gradient, to account for the magnitude of change rather than the direction of change. To identify ...
I highly recommend that as part of your rationality training, you calibrate like this while playing poker. When you get all in, immediatelycalculate your chances of winningthe hand. Then say to yourself, “This is what XX%feelslike.” ...
Based on the information manipulation theory and the four-factor theory, I propose several parametrizations that can allow to statistically distinguish between factual news and a myriad of misinformation categories. To do so, I calculate a set of quantifiable characteristics that represent the content ...
Although there is certainly a normative element in our assessment of the Vs’ response, the norm we are applying is a norm of prudence rather than morality: we are asking ‘what could the Vs reasonably be expected to do in the circumstances in which they found themselves?’ Yet we still ...
Following Su and Tsang (2015), we adopt the entropy measure proposed by Jacquemin and Berry (1979) to calculate Firm diversification, defined as \(\sum_{i}{P}_{i}\text{ln}(1/{P}_{i})\), where \({P}_{i}\) is the percentage of firm sales in industry i. Previous studies have...
Pit Kant’s conception of morality against Hume’s in the form of a debate. Informational prompts Informational prompts are similar to querying a search engine—the user is seeking specific information or facts. Typical prompts include product research, historical knowledge, trivia questions, and basi...
44K Learn about materiality in auditing. Understand what is considered material in an audit, learn to calculate materiality, and see examples of materiality in auditing. Related to this QuestionWhat is an auditor judgement and how does it affect the audit? Explain why...
Waits for you every night to 3 o'clock, finally waits to return to you to say the rest does not go to work one day, on your dull how many hours on are been called by a telephone then the close-down, like this also calculate the husbands and wives?[translate] ...
For many people, learning how to calculate and count macros (macronutrients) can be the key to retaining the muscle tissue they already have whilst also bringing their body fat down gradually. 'Macros' is an abbreviation of the term 'macronutrients' and refers to the three main food groups hu...
A moral hazard occurs when one party in a transaction has the opportunity to assume additionalrisksthat negatively affect the other party. The decision is based not on what is considered right but on what provides the highest level of benefit, hence the reference to morality. This can apply to...