Training and testing are repeated in many trials. Configurations realized by the many-body system are used to train a bottleneck neural network via unsupervised learning. Finally, we calculate properties of the neural network’s bottleneck. We illustrate with numerical simulations of the spin glass,...
The Helmholtz energy is significant in thermodynamics because it is a measure of the amount of energy that can be used to do work in a system at a constant temperature and volume. It is often used to determine the equilibrium state of a system and can be used to calculate other thermodynam...
We find that grain-boundary scars become much more fuzzy with increasing temperature, that the size of grain-boundary scars saturates with increasing vesicle radius, and that the buckling transition shifts to higher values of gamma due to the presence of scars. CAS-1 JCR-Q1 SCIE EI 20 被引用...
in the bottom of the table they provide two different equations to calculate Cp, equation 2 and equation 3. I don't see any explanation to when eqn. 2 or 3 should be used? Some of the tables entries are denominated with (equation 2) hence I guess equation 2 is applicable for them an...
The Emergence of Matter in the Universe But before we get to that, let’s take a look at how “material” – physical matter – first came about. If we are aiming to explain the origins of stable matter made of atoms or molecules, there was certainly none of that around at theBig Ba...
Infrared thermometers (temperature laser guns) give you a means to take the temperature of objects that are too difficult or dangerous to access otherwise, by using an infrared beam to collect the amount of transmitted, reflected and emitted energy off
The Mars rover Curiosity has allowed us to finally calculate an average dose over the 180-day journey. It is approximately 300 mSv, the equivalent of 24 CAT scans. In just getting to Mars, an explorer would be exposed to more than 15 times an annual radiation limit for a worker in a ...
In biology, the age of cancer onset tends toward a gamma distribution. Economic patterns of income typically match variants of the Pareto distributions with power law tails. Theories in those different disciplines attempt to fit observed patterns to an underlying generative process. If a generative ...
The main equations used to calculate the main performance and parameters of the RO unit are listed in Table 3. Table 3. Main mathematical relations used in modeling the RO unit [19]. 4.4. Thermodynamic Assumptions and Input Data A thermodynamic code working at steady state conditions is ...
The superiorities and inferiorities of the devised layout versus the reference system (the RO unit driven by the mechanical power of the wind turbine by the direct supply of a seawater stream to the desalination unit) have comprehensively been discussed in terms of thermodynamics and thermo...