Given these, our model allows us to accurately calculate DW (as the standard measure of body size for mobulid rays) using the more accurate CW and DL measurements. We estimate that the smallest mature M. alfredi of each sex we measured were 274.8 cm (males, n = 30) and 323.5 cm DW...
Instead of using static LCI data about a certain vehicle type from a database to calculate the emissions of one km of transport, for instance, a connected emission sensor on the actual vehicle could provide specific data. With these sensors, regionally and temporally specific emission data could...
Even if we use some weighted expression to calculate productivity (such expression can be derived e.g., from Equation (15)), it can still be argued that there is no linear relationship between inputs and outputs and that such relationship is more complex or complicated. Although our model ...
The order data is needed to calculate ex-mill costs, because the customer order describes the paper grade and converting data. Finally, the invoice data contains the possible claims, transport, warehousing, and commissions. The emissions of the used materials and energy at the site are obtained ...
[24], was used to calculate sustainability scores for the clean technologies: ( )= I () V(ct) = ∑ wswiu(ct) where: V(ct) = global value function or total sustaii=na1bility score for a clean technology ct; = weight where: Vooff(cicmtr)ipt=eorrigtoalnoncbiea(olwfvimtahlauieneco...
Prognos and Fichtner Group [21] (p. 12) define LCoE as "the average cost for generating electricity over an operational time of 20 years". Heptonstall et al. [22] further explain how to calculate LCoE and define it as "levelised costs seek to capture the full lifetime costs of an ...
Multiple linear regression was used to calculate predicted NDVI values influenced only by climatic factors, with temperature and precipitation—the two main climatic factors affecting vegetation-cover change—being used as independent variables [68,69]. The equations are as follows: NDV Ic = k1P + ...
In addition to these natural causes of hypoxia, anthropogenic drivers, such as eutrophication and warming, have also contributed to hypoxia in the bay [5]. Chesapeake Bay has a surface area of 3500 km2 and a three-month duration of deoxygenated bottom water annually [3]. The volume of ...
(i) Ascertain the probability distribution of independent variables' annual growth rates according to available data series. (ii) Substitute the annual growth rates of independent variables with a set of random values. (iii) Calculate independent variables' possible values and their corresponding ...
The whitenization differential equation (also called the grey reflection equation) can be obtained according to Equation (2). dx(1) dt + ax(1) = tb + c (3) A least squares estimation can be applied to calculate the estimated values of a, b, and c: (a, b, c)T = (BT B)−1...