The Moon Distance Calculator shows approximate times for when the Moon is closest to the Earth (perigee) and furthest from the Earth (apogee).
using software. However, the curve will not match your data points exactly, and when it doesn't, you may wish to calculate the root mean squared error (RMSE), in order to gauge the extent to which your data points vary from your curve. For each data point, the RMSE...
The cycle of the moon's phases is relatively constant, but, due to its elliptical orbit, its distance from the Earth is not. Over the course of a month, the moon moves between its closest distance to Earth (perigee) and its farthest distance to Earth (apogee). This means that the moon...
Simply track the rocket to its highest point, tilt the homemade inclinometer so that you're looking at the apogee point through the straw, and pinch the string to the protractor once the string stops moving. Subtract the number on the protractor from 90 and you have the angle you need for...
After a rocket launches straight up, the rocket control mechanism uses the inertial guidance system (see sidebar) to calculate necessary adjustments to the rocket's nozzles to tilt the rocket to the course described in the flight plan. In most cases, the flight plan calls for the rocket to ...
It is straightforward to calculate the impulse vector as Δvi = Δviαi, where αi = p(ti)/∥p(ti)∥. All of the required values are retrievable from the extremal, which is the solution of the TPBVP for T≫Tmin. Note that it is possible to parameterize the impulsive optimization...
3. A review of how to calculate and use ordered derivatives when building complex intelligent systems. I first proved the chain rule for ordered derivatives back in 1974, as part of my Harvard PhD thesis. The concept propagated from there in many directions, sometimes called “backpropagation,”...
Understand what the law of conservation of mechanical energy is and how mechanical energy can change forms. Learn what the law of conservation of mechanical energy formula is and how to use it to calculate examples of mechanical energy conser...
Understand what the law of conservation of mechanical energy is and how mechanical energy can change forms. Learn what the law of conservation of mechanical energy formula is and how to use it to calculate examples of mechanical energy conser...
After a rocket launches straight up, the rocket control mechanism uses the inertial guidance system (see sidebar) to calculate necessary adjustments to the rocket's nozzles to tilt the rocket to the course described in the flight plan. In most cases, the flight plan calls for the rocket to ...