2007. How reliable are climate models? Tellus 59A, 2-29.Raisanen, J. (2007). "How reliable are climate models?" Tellus, 59, 2-29.Ra¨isa¨nen J (2007) How reliable are climate models? Tellus A 59:2-29. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0870.2006.00211.xRaisanen J (2006) How reliable are ...
Models are unreliable "[Models] are full of fudge factors that are fitted to the existing climate, so the models more or less agree with the observed data. But there is no reason to believe that the same fudge factors would give the right behaviour in a world with different chemistry, ...
Chemistry-climate models (CCMs) are important tools for simulating stratospheric ozone changes that arise from changes in ozone-depleting substances and greenhouse gases. Interest in providing reliable future projections of stratospheric ozone and its impact on climate has created a need to address how ...
Green technology is a broad category that encompasses several forms of environmental remediation. While climate change and carbon emissions are now considered among the most pressing global issues, there are also many efforts to address local environmental hazards. Some seek to protect specific ecosystems...
Some think the best option is renewables – types of natural energy, such as wind and solar power, which can be replaced as quickly as they are used.Neil Others prefer a return to nuclear energy, arguing that it’s clean, green ...
2.2. Models, data, and analyses To evaluate the performance of the regional climate model used to investigate the Berlin region, observations are compared with model output data driven by the ERA-Interim reanalysis dataset on 12.5 km (0.11°) and 3 km (0.0275°) spatial resolution, by respecti...
With the changing climate, it will be important to understand and embrace the probabilistic nature of climate risk and be mindful of possible biases and outdated mental models; experiences and heuristics of the past may no longer be a reliable guide to the future. The systemic nature of climate...
Furthermore, in contrast to the established quality controls for experimental measurements, quality plans are not commonly defined and applied to exposure models or tools. Similarly, data for defining model parameters are often not available, thus limiting the efficient and reliable application of ...
are thus required to find alternative design approaches that are less dependent on specifics and allow for more uncertainty in their models. In addition, city planners can engage urban stakeholders for city-level verification that inputs are representative and reliable, and outputs (future haza...
Leaders also have underlying risks related to the data that they are feeding into these models. The models are predicting loss based on your portfolio. Is the data that they’re feeding in reliable? That’s a source of uncertainty. Adjustments have to be made to account for it, and those...