An important and widespread phenomenon in the evolution of influenza-A viruses is antigenic shift (Holmes, 2005; Dugan et al., 2008). Antigenic shift is the exchange of RNA segments of the viral genome encoding the structure of HA and/or NA in cases of simultaneous infection of the cell wi...
In an animal study performed on young and old C57BL/6 mice, the production of IL-1β and IL-6 but not that of IL-10 by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was found to be affected both by ageing and malnutrition. Furthermore, MSCs from malnourished mice, regardless of age, showed decreased...
I remember some of the feedback, my old manager who chewed it was like, "Man, it definitely works. I was up till 3:00 AM. But you guys can work on the flavor." We knew that it wasn't going to be perfect, but we could improve that. At that point, Kent and I realized it wa...
The second parameter is whether the system is open or closed to degassing. Open systems are permeable and volatiles can easily escape as bubbles, directly out of magma or through fractures. In contrast, in a closed system, permeability is low and volatiles are trapped and cannot leave. It is...
The highlight, however, is the custom-mounted ‘cyberdeck’. You might be wondering what’s under the hood of this unique creation, but don’t get too excited because right now it’s the MX-5’s stock B6ZE 1.6-litre four-cylinder engine, enhanced only by a Yoshimura motorcycle muffler....
In a well-known model of rat hindlimb suspension (HS), the effect of both axial loading and ground reaction force on the rear part of the animal body is negligible. Interestingly, the physiological effects of these factors on the mammalian soleus muscle are different. Under...
While much is known about how negative emotions are expressed in different modalities, our understanding of the nonverbal expressions of positive emotions
So is nine-year-old Ava Canales. “I learned that when butterflies flutter when they eat, it’s because they can’t balance on the flowers.” Exhibit manager Dan Babbitt says visitors also learn why butterflies are important to our environment. ...
Increase in the prevalence of atrophic gastritis among adults age 35 to 44 years old in Northern Sweden between 1990 and 2009. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015;13(9):1592–600 e1. 8. You WC, Brown LM, Zhang L, et al. Randomized double-blind factorial trial of three treatments to reduce...
bulgaricus), or even pure cultures of that microbe, to stave off the frailties of old age spawned what may very well have been the first “probiotics” craze (despite a distinct lack of corroborating evidence) (Bested et al., 2013, Underhill et al., 2016); but scientific interest in ...