Deadly outbreaks have plagued societies for centuries. But they can lead to medical breakthroughs—if we learn the right lessons from them.
In MS inflammation is dominated by CD8+ T-cells and the number of CD20 + B-cells is much lower [16]. Furthermore, plasma cells in MS lesions mainly produce IgG and in much lower incidence IgA and IgM [12]. Also in MS CD4+ T-cells are sparse. For the comparison with animal models...
How Much Alcohol Is Too Much? Since the alcohol concentration in the breath is related to that in the blood, you can figure the BAC by measuring alcohol on the breath. The ratio of breath alcohol concentration to blood alcohol content is 2,100:1. This means that 2,100 milliliters (ml...
The elderly and people with poor immune systems are also at elevated risk because their immune systems are much weaker. "The point is that if you are around an elderly person or a baby you really need to have this shot," says Joyce Allers, R.N., of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta....
“An anti-rabies jab only goes for a Sh100 whereas it takes about Sh3,200 for a past exposure dose. The shots are five in total for human beings and they have to be administered within two days or the resultant effect is a fatality,” she says. ...
Unless you need to have blood drawn, donate it or have to stop its flow after an injury, you probably don't think much about it. But blood is the most commonly tested part of the body, and it is truly the river of life. Every cell in the body gets its nutrients from blood. ...
Why are some people anti-vaccine? What happens during a flu pandemic? Is the whooping cough vaccine a live vaccine? Is the Dtap vaccine a live vaccine? When was the flu vaccine invented? How long after being administered is the Tdap vaccine effective? How much mercury is in flu vaccine?
This chapter covers emerging zoonotic diseases, with a focus on the current understanding of how and where zoonotic pathogens circulate, their pathways to emergence, potential for sustained human-to-human transmission, and gaps in our knowledge. The first cluster of infections among people may be re...
In this study we characterize local areas that had environmental signatures that persisted as predicted highest risk sites for human disease through much of the 1990s. These areas represent a small percentage (0.3%) of the region. Exploratory analyses indicate that these areas were not randomly ...
Dogs and puppies are ideal hosts for worms and other parasites. If your puppy is losing weight and has diarrhea and/or vomiting, then consult a vet to confirm the type of worm. Depending on the type of worm, your vet will suggest the test and treatment.