Deadly outbreaks have plagued societies for centuries. But they can lead to medical breakthroughs—if we learn the right lessons from them.
Unless you need to have blood drawn, donate it or have to stop its flow after an injury, you probably don't think much about it. But blood is the most commonly tested part of the body, and it is truly the river of life. Every cell in the body gets its nutrients from blood. ...
In MS inflammation is dominated by CD8+ T-cells and the number of CD20 + B-cells is much lower [16]. Furthermore, plasma cells in MS lesions mainly produce IgG and in much lower incidence IgA and IgM [12]. Also in MS CD4+ T-cells are sparse. For the comparison with animal models...
How Much Alcohol Is Too Much? Since the alcohol concentration in the breath is related to that in the blood, you can figure the BAC by measuring alcohol on the breath. The ratio of breath alcohol concentration to blood alcohol content is 2,100:1. This means that 2,100 milliliters (ml...
In fact, alphavirus RNA genome resembles cellular mRNAs and is translated into non-structural viral proteins (nsPs) but has an untranslated 3′ UTR, much longer than typical cellular mRNAs, which is detected and degraded by the NMD pathway [59]. The 5′ to 3′ RNA decay machinery can ...
This chapter covers emerging zoonotic diseases, with a focus on the current understanding of how and where zoonotic pathogens circulate, their pathways to emergence, potential for sustained human-to-human transmission, and gaps in our knowledge. The first cluster of infections among people may be re...
“An anti-rabies jab only goes for a Sh100 whereas it takes about Sh3,200 for a past exposure dose. The shots are five in total for human beings and they have to be administered within two days or the resultant effect is a fatality,” she says. ...
In this study we characterize local areas that had environmental signatures that persisted as predicted highest risk sites for human disease through much of the 1990s. These areas represent a small percentage (0.3%) of the region. Exploratory analyses indicate that these areas were not randomly ...
Foremost among Pasteur's many life-altering achievements was his development of two diverse vaccines—one for preventing anthrax in livestock animals, and the other for preventing/treating human rabies (Fig. 1)—both being dreaded diseases having very high levels of mortality, both then and now, ...
Dogs and puppies are ideal hosts for worms and other parasites. If your puppy is losing weight and has diarrhea and/or vomiting, then consult a vet to confirm the type of worm. Depending on the type of worm, your vet will suggest the test and treatment.