In multi-cellular organisms, cell growth, cell division, and cell death are regulated by a host of signaling pathways that integrate cellular condition and context. Within healthy tissues, there is a balance between these processes allowing for homeostasis. When this balance is perturbed, usually by...
The nature of the first mechanism is generally clear: an inactive muscle does not consume ATP. As for the PKD activity, much about this mechanism remains unclear. It is known that an increase in PKD phosphorylation is observed when AMPK activity is reduced or absent due t...
According to these estimations, it is clear that AEA has a much higher affinity for CB1 than for cholesterol. Therefore, it can be postulated that when an AEA/cholesterol complex meets CB1, AEA would leave cholesterol to move into the ligand binding site. The entrance of AEA has been ...
LPS is a well described MAMP (microbe-associated molecular pattern) in mammalian cells with the lipid moiety responsible for much of the toxicity of Gram-negative bacteria. Similarly, in A. thaliana, the lipid moiety of LPS from Pseudomonas species is also sufficient to trigger elevations in ...
A similar seasonal pattern was observed in 2011, but concentrations were much lower (Figure 5a). In 2010, the highest concentrations of juvenile A. mitchilli occurred in summer; in 2011, the highest concentrations occurred in autumn (Figure 5b). The permutation t-test to determine whether the...
Apart from situational and conceptual knowledge, procedural knowledge (containing solution strategies) is of special interest, but it is much more difficult to measure. Thus, this study aims at developing a refined procedure to measure SD-relevant procedural knowledge and to define a measure for ...
In developing medicinal plant cultivation, competing with food crops should be avoided as much as possible, and the impact on the production of major grain crops should be minimized. Therefore, the full utilization of soil resources in forests, mountains, and wasteland is advocated, and ...
Because the enzymes would be used at much lower temperatures than their optimum temperature, reaction rate at operational temperature would be quite lower compared with the specific activity of enzymes at the optimum. To solve these problems, researchers have turned to the technique of protein ...
It is the rationale and mandate for some form of public agency strategic analysis. How should public agencies actually go about doing such strategic analysis? There are a number of potential meta-strategies. One response is to muddle along, or more formally, to rely primarily on "incrementalism...