How many genes does the Human Genome contain? The Human Genome Project has revealed that there are probably about 20,000-25,000 'haploid' protein coding genes. The completed human sequence can now identify their locations. But only about 1.5% of the genome codes for proteins, while the rest...
We frame central issues regarding determination of protein-level variation and PTMs, including some paradoxes present in the field today. We use this framework to assess existing data and to ask the question, “How many distinct primary structures of proteins (proteoforms) are created from the 20...
Proteins are large, complex molecules consisting of amino acids that are crucial to the development, maintenance, and control of cells and tissues. These include enzymatic reactions, cell signaling, transport, and structural support. They also play a role in a variety of other biological processes....
How many base pairs are in 18S ribosomal RNA? How many different kinds of proteins does one cell contain? After three rounds of DNA replication, how many all-white DNA (both strands are white) will there be? Explain your reasoning.
Many proteins with important biological functions are embedded in a biomembrane in the cells of humans and other living organisms. But how do they get in there in the first place? Researchers in the Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering at ETH Zurich have investigated the matter. ...
The interior of a human cell consists, in part, of a complex soup of millions of molecules. One way these biological compounds stay organized is through membrane-less organelles (MLOs) — wall-lessliquid dropletsmade from proteins and RNA that clump together and stay separate from the rest of...
There are about 5,000 different metabolites in human blood, and scientists still do not know how many of them enter cells. Determined to change that, Birsoy, Kenny, and colleagues began investigating transport proteins. The team took a uniquely broad approach to the problem and scoured scores ...
Human cells, like those of many other organisms, use SNARE proteins (short for Soluble NSF Attachment [Protein] REceptors) to help compartments inside cells fuse together while they exchange materials. Thus they play an important role in trafficking of materials into, out of and within cells....
Housekeeping (HK) genes are ubiquitously expressed in all tissue/cell types and constitute a basal transcriptome for the maintenance of basic cellular functions. Partitioning transcriptomes into HK and tissue-specific (TS) genes relatively is fundamental
Highly conserved protein dimerization domains that occur in many proteins involved in membrane dynamics and act as connecting links between actin dynamics and membrane rearrangements in all eukaryotes. BAR domains preferentially bind to curved membrane regions. Chromatin Complex of genomic DNA with proteins...