aHepatitis, hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the main liver diseases, threatening the health of human beings. Especially, HCC is one of the most common cancers worldwide and among the leading causes of cancer-related death [1] arises in the setting of chronic liver diseas...
How many AI acts have you had in the past week with (a) clients and (b) non-paying partners? Was a condom used throughout your last AI act with (a) a client and (b) a non-paying partner These recall periods may not be suitable for all FSW populations. In the case of low clien...
With the advent of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) the World Health Organisation (WHO) adopted global strategy to eliminate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by 2030. In Europe, people who inject drugs (PWID) account for the majority of new cases, however testing and treatment remain suboptimal...
How did HIV become a worldwide epidemic? HIV: The human immunodeficiency virus is a strain that targets the immune system, attacking its ability to respond to threats. Most persons infected with HIV do not die because of the virus, but because their immune system cannot ward off another disea...
It is important to remember that you are not alone in this. Many people have successfully overcome alcohol withdrawal, and you can too. With the right support and resources, you can get through this. Alcohol Detox Alcohol detox programscan be inpatient or outpatient. Outpatient programs are suit...
Injecting drug users who share equipment may transmit and acquire bloodborne virus infections, including HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus. Even without sharing, injection with non-sterile equipment, drugs, or mixing agents may result in infection due to bacteria or fungi. Estimates of...
In 1796, aphysiciannamed Edward Jenner decided to prove a theory that had been circulating for some time. Smallpox once killed millions of people worldwide. Cowpox was a less serious disease related to smallpox that milkmaids often caught through exposure to infected cows. Jenner noticed that mi...
Approximately 240 million people worldwide are chronically infected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) [1]. Chronic HBV is a dynamic infection that progresses through different phases that are strongly associated with the age of the patient and HBV impairment of specific T-cell function [2] (Fig....
Scientists from Trinity College Dublin have discovered how the highly infectious and sometimes deadly hepatitis C virus (HCV) "ghosts" our immune system and remains undiagnosed in many people. They report their findings today in the international FASEB j
Bad breath, also known as halitosis, can be an embarrassing and frustrating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. The causes of bad breath can vary, from poor oral hygiene to underlying health issues, and the impact on your health can be significant. In this article, we will ...