A major question is why are there only two types of gametes (sperm- and egg cells), two types of sex steroids, (androgens and estrogens in vertebrates, and two types of ecdysteroids in insects), while the reproduction-related behaviour of the gamete producers displays a much greater ...
Because vesicles have a membrane which keeps the enzymes separate from the cytoplasm. If there was no vesicle, the enzymes would hydrolyse all other organelles in the cytoplasm. If you carried out a physical training programme, how and why would you expect the number of m...
There are many types of T cells that have specific functions, including: Helper T cells - Helper T cells have proteins on their cell membranes called CD4. Helper T cells direct the rest of the immune system by releasing cytokines. Cytokines stimulate B cells to form plasma cells, which form...
All eukaryotic cells contain multiple acidic organelles, and V-ATPases are central players in organelle acidification. Not only is the structure of V-ATPases highly conserved among eukaryotes, but there are also many regulatory mechanisms that are similar between fungi and higher eukaryotes. These ...
Group I chaperonins are found ineubacteria and the organelles of eubacterial origin, mitochondria and chloroplasts. These chaperonins are named growth E locus, large gene, bacterial group I chaperonin (GroEL), heat shock protein of 60 kDa (Hsp60), and chaperonin of 60 kDa (Cpn60), respectively...
A cell has 36 chromosomes. After it divides by mitosis, how many chromosomes will there be in each cell?Nuclear division processes:Mitosis and meiosis are two nuclear division processes. Mitosis produces two daughter cells from a parent cell while meiosis produc...
it is also possible that a portion of the cellular pool of NLRP3 acts as a sentinel around one or many organelles. As with other PRRs, NLRP3 needs to be in the “right place” to sense the relevant molecular triggers for activation. The recent findings proposing the Golgi and possibly ...
Both the nucleus and mitochondria are critical membrane-bound organelles,cellular componentswith highly specialized roles. There are many other organelles, each with a specific role in the cell. The nucleus, only one per cell, is home todeoxyribonucleic acid—DNA— the spiraling master molecule of ...
The main stage for aerobic metabolism is the mitochondria, often termed the “powerhouses” of the cell. These double-membraned organelles are ubiquitous in most eukaryotic cells and serve as the central hubs where nutrients and oxygen combine to produce ATP. The intricacy of the mitochondrial str...
(tracheary) elements are only vessels or tracheids, and analogically to phloem, xylem fibers, and parenchyma cells with different functions are present. Tracheary elements in xylem are dead at maturity, while sieve elements in phloem are still-living cells lacking certain organelles, such as ...