What methods are used to treat breast carcinoma? What are the causes of breast cancer? How are benign and malignant tumors different? How important is self breast exams, mammograms, and breast biopsies in confirming breast cancer? Explain. What are the different types of breast cancer? Pick one...
Although breast self-exams used to be recommended across the board, the practice has divided experts over the past few decades. Several studies from the early 2000s found that self-checks are not necessarily tied to a better cancer survival rate and can lead to unnecessary biopsies and feelings...
Nearbylymph nodescan be tested for cancer cells with a procedure called amediastinoscopy. The doctor uses a long, flexible tube called a mediastinoscope, which is placed into the mediastinum — the space between your lungs and behind your breastbone in the middle of your chest. Imaging techni...
in a coordinated way, networks of gene pathways. We applied the method to subtypes of breast cancer. The basic idea is the identification of pathways significantly enriched with differentially expressed genes among the different breast cancer subtypes and normal tissue. Looking at the pairs of pathwa...
Among the many findings from the rapid autopsy, the biochemical and genetic analyses of the patient's biopsies showed that in some of her secondary tumors the tumor suppressor genePTENhad been lost, or deleted, which can happen during cancer treatment, likely during cell division, says Scaltriti...
[266]. These EVs are then transferred to lung endothelial cells, creating a pre-metastatic niche. Exosome-associated Annexin II and L-plastin also contribute to metastasis and may serve as prognostic markers in advanced breast cancer [131,267]. In colorectal cancer, overexpression of miR-193a ...
Liquid biopsies to analyse cell-free DNA, exosomes and CTCs present in the blood can provide information on the tumour in a far less invasive way than a tumour biopsy. Currently, the enumeration of CTCs in a blood sample is used to guide treatment decisions. Although many cancer patients have...
Curcumin has been used as a remedy for the prevention and treatment of many organ and tissue disorders, most of which are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Curcumin alleviates oxidative stress, inflammation in chronic diseases and regulates inflammatory and pro-inflammatory pathways relat...
Because the procedures and conditions evaluated are performed at many more hospitals than the specialties, the evaluations produce ratings rather than numerical rankings. Hospitals that treat enough patients to be evaluated are rated one of three ways for each procedure or condition: high performing...
Parabens have been found in breast cancer biopsies and are known to be absorbed into the skin. They also disrupt hormones and mimic natural estrogens, a cause of breast cancer. Read BCF’s articles, “Chemicals in Cosmetics” and “Endocrine Disrupting Compounds,” to learn more. But these ar...