Medicine has come a long way over the years. The development of the vaccine kicked off an era of illness prevention unlike anything the world had ever seen. In fact, vaccinations are largely viewed as the most successful medical advancement in the history of public health. Before vaccines were...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease in young children and elderly people. Although the virus was isolated in 1955, an effective RSV vaccine has not been developed, and the only licensed intervention is passive immunoprophylaxis of high-risk infant...
Calculating vaccine impact is complex as for some pathogens, such as HepB and HPV, the consequences due to disease are not seen until long after infection. Thus, any vaccine impact is not immediately evident, but is still substantial leading to questions around how to appropriately attribute the...
Long-term treatment with NUCs is associated with very low rates of HBsAg seroclearance. Paradoxically, recent studies suggest that stopping NUCs after >2-3 years treatment and persistently undetectable serum HBV DNA may result in higher rates of HBsAg seroclearance. The first study found that after...
A) Yearly. B) Every 5 years. C) Every 15 years. D) Every 10 years. Vaccination: Vaccination is the process of using some weakened form of an antigen, a subunit of the antigen or an inactive form of the antigen to stimulate an immun...
What is an HIV provirus? What does viral load mean? How long does a viral culture take? What is the pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS? How do you fast-track a vaccine during a pandemic? How is viral encephalitis spread? Does HIV affect neutrophils?
The infectious nature of the disease had already been recognized in the early days of medical microbiology, in 1885 by Lürmann during an “icterus epidemic” which occurred after a small pox vaccination campaign. The vaccine had been made from human “lymph” (probably obtained from the vaccine...
Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses that infect mammals and birds. Infection of humans with globally circulating human coronaviruses is associated with the common cold. In contrast, transmission of animal coronaviruses to humans can result in severe
these techniques were suboptimal for diagnosis of most viral diseases. It usually took a long time for the cytopathic effect of virus growth to become evident in cell culture, and many virus strains were only able to grow in the artificial host cell systems after a protracted adaptation. In ad...
Dr. Narula also warned thattyphoid,Hepatitis A, andHepatitis Ecan be contracted from food and beverages in certain areas. Both typhoid and Hep A are vaccine-preventable, so be sure your immunizations are up-to-date before traveling. No matter where on Earth you're traveling to, it's wise...