The first widely used antibiotic was penicillin(青霉素),discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming.In his 1945 acceptance speech,Fleming warned that bacterial resistance had the potential to ruin the miracle of antibiotics.He was right: in the 1940s and 50s,resistant bacteria already began to appear....
The majority of recommended anti-infective drug doses were consistent, with the highest equivalence found between GPF and SPD. Maintaining formularies is resource intensive; therefore, a common standard in Europe could prove beneficial when moving towards digitalisation of the healthcare systems.Similar...
Antibiotics are medicines that help stop infections caused by bacteria. They do this by killing the bacteria or by keeping them from copying themselves or reproducing. The word antibiotic means “against life.” Any drug that kills germs in your body is technically an antibiotic, but most people...
Antibiotics used to treatS. suisinfection are multiple, and they are from different classes, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides (usually combined with β-lactams), amphenicols, and fluoroquinolones. The pattern of antibiotic usage varies between countries, regions, and even farms, which largely infl...
However, differences in pathophysiology, immunology and PK between species still exist. Mathematical modeling, whereby preclinical data are integrated with human population PK, can facilitate translation of preclinical data to the patient's clinical situation. Moreover, PK/PD modeling and simulations can...
As for how to taper TPO-RAs, the first approach is decreasing the dose periodically to the minimum available dose but maintaining the time interval between doses. Eltrombopag, avatrombopag, and hetrombopag can also be tapered by maintaining the dose but periodically prolonging the time interval...
Prenatal antibiotic55 RR = 1.28 (1.06-1.53) 2,098 (5 NRS) General population 6 mo to 4 y Low (inconsistency, publication bias) eHF, extensively hydrolyzed formula; GRADE, Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation; RCT, randomized clinical trial; qRCT, quasi-randomized RC...
Antibiotic resistance is a natural phenomenon that happens when bacteria develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them.
can also be tapered by maintaining the dose but periodically prolonging the time interval between doses. Our anecdotal experience in tapering oral TPO-RAs involves increasing the time interval preferentially in patients who received a low starting dose, while decreasing the dose preferentially in cases...
Antibiotics, even used for short periods of time, letalone for life-long therapy, raise the issues of both toxicity and the emergence of bacterial antibiotic resistance. (Bacterial antibiotic resistance means that the bacteria do not respond to the antibiotic treatment.) ...