Flying private is roughly 12x faster, and saves you about 10 hours in your total travel time. Because of the curvature of the Earth, the shortest distance is actually the "great circle" distance, or "as the crow flies" which is calculated using an iterative Vincenty formula. This is a ...
We also estimated the years of life lost (YLL) after treatment of HCC through RFA/MWA. The loss in expectation of life metric was calculated by the difference between the mean survival for people without cancer for a given set of characteristics (age, calendar year, sex and race) and the...
The population YLL value of the disease is then computed by averaging the calculated YLL values of all deaths attributed to that specific disease. We would like to comment on the interpretation of I years of life lost i (YLL) values [[1]] which are a widely used metric to quantify the ...
In the base case analysis LEYLL and SEYLL were computed with 3.5 and 0% discount rates, respectively, and no age-weighting. Premature mortality costs were calculated using a human capital approach, with discounting at 5%, and are reported in Polish zloty (PLN) (1 euro聽=聽4.3 PLN). The...
Crude DALY rates were calculated using Scottish national population estimates. DALY ASRs standardised using the GBD World Standard Population (GBD WSP) were compared to those using the 2013 European Standard Population (ESP2013). Differences in ASR and in rank order within the cause list were ...
Among the peer universities, the one that exhibits the minimum input serves as a reference to i, and eFi DH is calculated as the relative input use eˆFi DH = min j∈Bi max k=1,...,K xkj xki (2) Universities that exhibit the minimum input–output serve as references. For these...
Table 2 describes how the dependent variables were calculated from the data obtained. Table 2. The process of calculating changes in health and productivity. Dependent Variables Physical health Overall Drowsiness Sleep quality Questions before after (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Change 1 between ...
Developed from decision tree classifiers [52], RFC is also nonparametric and can adapt to nonlinear relations, which is more suitable in the urban context [53]. The total number of variables put into the RFC reached 90, which was composed of bands and calculated textures. Additionally, in ...
Where resilient critical nutrient values, sufficiency ranges or no-effect values are not available for a specific crop species, it is recommended that these are calculated site-specifically for each location by employing on-farm experimentation techniques, such as yield monitoring and directed sampling ...
Mechanisms causing negative associations between cell size and metabolic rate may involve reduced resource supply and/or demand in larger cells, but more research is needed. A cell-size perspective not only helps to explain some (but not all) variation in metabolic rate and its body-mass scaling...