This assumption is undoubtedly a limitation of the study, because both ZEB and NZEB are based on the cost optimal energy performance; however, changes in the ZEB primary energy values cannot be big and will not considerably change the EPC classes distribution that is calculated with this ...
The gender gap in earnings is calculated for men and women with positive earnings and excludes those who do not work or are self-employed. As such, it understates the gender gap in total market income as women are less likely to be in paid employment than men. The mean gap is presented...
Anything and everything can be improved, and when it comes to improving building design, software tools that offer accuracy, versatility, ease and speed are sure to find popularity. Hevacomp is one such entity that has come into its own, especially in the BIM (Building Information Modelling) e...
Sensitivity and precision can be calculated using this information. The sensitivity is the ratio of the lung nodules that were correctly predicted to the actual lung nodules. The precision is the ratio of the correctly predicted lung nodules to all predicted lung nodules. Finally, based on this ...
calculated using a Cobb–Douglas type function The level of cash generated per year The amount of total investment per year, from cash generated and incentives The proportion of production to energy capacity investment policy decision variable The amount of investment in production capacity per year ...
Due to the limitation of a static model, we simply use the quantity target calculated in Section 2.2 (63.17 Mt) as the emissions reduction target in this study. For the benchmark scenario, there is no ETS policy or RES policy. A nationwide carbon market is assumed to be in place under ...
Regarding the insects and pollination context, the mean of a variable combining self-assessed knowledge on biodiversity, bees and pollination, and sustainable development was calculated and correlated with the averaged certainty about all 10 solution strategies. The correlation is large and Educ. Sci. ...
I f : ExPr,i = Constant (49) The levelized cost rate is calculated from Equation (50): . Zi = CRF ×φr N × PWi (50) where the capital recovery factor is denoted as below: CRF = ir(1 + ir)nr (1 + ir)nr − 1 (51) In Equation (50), PWi is found by: PWi = Zi ...
It is calculated that we may be losing more than 9 billion hectares of arable land each year through erosion; in Africa it is estimated that 22 percent of productive land is affected by some form of degradation [5]. The term "soil degradation" covers a multiplicity of problems including [...
(τ550) is calculated using the corresponding column mass load of dust (M) and the extinction efficiencies at 550 nm (Qext550) of the five WRF sub-bins, as in Equation (1): ∑τ550 = 50 1 3 4ρnre f fn Mn Qext550n (1) where ρ is the particle mass density, re f f is ...