Quantum computers are already being employed to help in the search for efficient hydrogen production by simulating the electrolysis process. In 2020 Shell worked with physicists from Leiden University to do exactlythis. Similarly,IonQ, a quantum computing technology company, successfully calculated the si...
I show a more accurate estimate of the variance in availability, which is substantially larger than current methods suggest. I incorporate more accurate estimates of availability to be sampled into calculated estimates of population density, and I show that lack of precision in density estimates may...
which is obtained by differentiating\(Q = CV\)with respect to time, whereQis the charge stored on the capacitor. The E-Field anywhere in the setup is proportional to the currentI, so its magnitude is determined primarily by the rate of change of the applied voltage. For a sinusoidal appli...
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a ubiquitous component of the environment that has important effects on a wide range of cell functions. Short-wavelength UVB radiation induces sunburn and is a potent immunomodulator, yet longer-wavelength, lower-energy UVA
For categorical confounding variables, the weighted correlations are calculated using a weighted eta statistic that uses weighted ranks of the exposure variable. The eta statistic is a close equivalent of absolute Pearson correlation for categorical variables (both can be defined as the square...
The Mateo TL confluency algorithm automatically calculates the percentage area covered by cells in the image. Because cells can be unevenly distributed across growth in multiple areas, it is recommended that the confluency be calculated at a low magnification and different areas of the...
White noise exists in all RF systems. When the noise is the only impairment in a system, the resulting EVM can be calculated using the following formula: where SNR is the signal-to-noise ratio of the system in decibel (dB) and PAPR is the peak-to-average power ratio of a given signa...
The one exception is the regional research reputation numerical ranking indicator. It is calculated based on the schools within each of the six U.N. regions. Those six regions are: Africa, Asia, Australia/New Zealand, Europe, Latin America and North America. ...
which in our situation gives us the expected values equal to 2.256 V and 1.044 V. The VREFvalue expected is equal to VMID– VOFFSET, which in our situation, gives us an expected value of 0.65 V. As for VMID, we calculated it to be the mid-supply voltage, which is in our case, 1....
The black horizontal solid lines near the box centers denote median errors; the notches in each box denote the 95% confidence interval of the median error calculated from 1000-sample bootstrap approach with replacement; the upper and lower bounds of each box denote the interquartile range (IQR)...