To make snake anti-venom, we inject a tiny amount of the deadly substance into a horse and let its equine immune system makes antibodies, which we then harvest and process into serum. The Sanford team is applying the same concept but with a high-tech twist—they’ve genetically modified th...
This little guy is no joke. When it bites you, its toxin causes "extreme pain, swelling, paralysis, skin cell destruction," and heart attacks,among other things. Luckily, there is an anti-venom available, which means the deaths from these spiders are mostly in small children whose bodies ...
Venom has fascinated humanity for thousands of years as fragile, small, and physically weak animals can deploy toxic cocktails that threaten the life of much larger and powerful animals, including humans [1]. This toxic mixture of chemicals is produced by one animal and is introduced via a woun...
Tetanus is a disease caused by the tetanospasmin toxin produced by the anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium Clostridium tetani. C. tetani spores are generally introduced into the body via a deep puncture wound with a contaminated object such as a nail or splinter. Once in the body, the spores ...
[23,24]. These insights led to researchers being able to recapitulate the snake venom gland as an organoid [25]. This was achieved by first dissociating snake venom glands and embedding them into basement membrane extract. The initial expansion of organoids was made possible by supplying a ...
AntiJen (Toseland et al., 2005) mainly contains continuous epitopes whereas Epitome (Schlessinger et al., 2006) is composed of epitopes identified from the structural analysis of antigen–antibody complexes. The Immune Epitope DataBase (Vita et al., 2010) gathers data on both B and T cell ...
If one overlays the structures of the Torpedo, human and mouse enzymes, all complexed with the snake venom toxin, fasciculin (Fas) [4], except for a movement of one small loop, which does not appear to be directly associated with function, it is difficult to distinguish any difference ...
Bleach teeth with sodium perborate. It is a common active ingredient in regular tooth bleaches and it may also bleach teeth internally. In this case, a preparation of sodium perborate is placed inside a tooth with a non-vital root. The sodium perborate bleaches the tooth from the inside ove...
That trail angel’s help made all the difference. Further along on our hike that day, others told us the snake had struck at them. That surprised me. California is home toeightspecies of rattlesnakes, the most common for our region being the Western Diamondback and Southern Pacific ratt...
Snake "I was bit by a snake when I was in Ft. Irwin California. They had to fly me to Victorville for Anti-Venom shots. Yeah, not so wonderful time." - John Peck Giraffe jose-leon-satc0bryobm-unsplash Giraffe "I was bitten by a Giraffe at the zoo that [BLEEP] hurt!" - Mike ...