However, if immunosuppressive-drug doses are decreased or a short course of ribavirin therapy is given,then sustained HEV clearance can be achieved (3,4). Hence, these therapeutic strategies are recommended for patients who develop chronic HEV infection (5). However, there is no established ...
However, life is not always roses with a thyroidectomy, as it does not remove the autoimmunity. Furthermore, a thyroidectomy may result in difficulty breathing, bleeding or infection, injury to the parathyroid glands near the thyroid (which could cause low blood calcium levels or neuromuscular ...
Romana Höftberger1, Marianne Leisser2, Jan Bauer2 and Hans Lassmann2* Abstract Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Immunological studies suggest that it is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease, although an MS-...
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, characterized by the formation of plaques containing lipid, connective tissue and immune cells in the intima of large and medium-sized arteries. Over the past three decades, a substantial reduction in cardiovascular mortality has b...
Sometimes the end of an intestinal infection is just the beginning of more misery. Of those who contract traveler's diarrhea, for example, an unlucky few go on to develop irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract. ...
What Is Bariatric Surgery? Bariatric procedures, also known as a weight loss surgery, can be an effective option for people who are struggling to lose weight. Claire WoltersandChristine ComizioAug. 19, 2024 Medicare Coverage: Alternative Medicine ...
Under a Creative Commons license open accessHighlights • Although multiple myeloma (MM) is incurable, new treatments have improved outcomes. • High response rates are being seen with new agents in patients with advanced MM. • Approval of new agents such as carfilzomib, ixazomib, panobinostat...
Chronic infection of fracture fixation metalwork? How to avoid a loosely fixed diagnosisWe describe a 79 year old osteoporotic woman who fractured her right humerus, requiring internal fixation, and then presented 12 months later with progressive pain and swelling of the elbow. She was treated by...
Chronic HBV is a dynamic infection that progresses through different phases that are strongly associated with the age of the patient and HBV impairment of specific T-cell function [2] (Fig. 1). Untreated individuals with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) have an 8%–20% 5-year risk of developing ...
Once the peak of an infection and immune response has passed, some of the remaining T and B cells, which have been trained to recognize a specific antigen, are saved as memory T and B cells. These memory cells are primed to proliferate and become active once again if there is a subseque...