However, looking at the FIAIX, crude oil volatility has a different impact, with positive shocks having no significant impact on financial development. In contrast, negative shocks show long-term causal effects, which emphasises the vulnerability of the banking sector to oil price fluctuations. ...
It argues that counter-terrorism laws have had substantial direct effects on court reporting and, while it cannot yet be said that there is a chilling effect, a very worrying range of issues remains and the laws have indirect effects on the media which are detrimental and complex....
Electromagnetic (EM) radiation, on the other hand, has no mass and travels in waves. EM radiation can range from very low energy to very high energy, and we call this span the electromagnetic spectrum. Within the EM spectrum, there are two types of radiation -- ionizing and non-ionizing....
Successive UK governments have also introduced legislation that has diluted protections for civil liberties and fundamental rights in the spheres of national security/counter-terrorism, immigration and socio-economic entitlements: it is likely that this pattern will continue. Brexit is posing f...
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Analysis of journalistic fields is dominated by approaches that take news media at the nation-state level as the major unit of analysis. More recently, soc
The PA’s official daily newspaper has been publishing headlines such as “Massacre is the basis of the State of Israel,”“The Jew is the disease of the century” and “Israelis are the new Nazis” for over 20 years. Statistically, the highest levels of terrorism and genocide in the worl...
The United States has implemented a comprehensive sanctions regimeagainst Iran, primarily targeting its nuclear program, missile development, and support for terrorism. Here are the main components of the current US sanctions against Iran: Nuclear-related sanctions: The US sanctions aim to prevent Iran...
TikTok will ban your account if it feels you are posing a credible threat to public safety or creating a nuisance. Some of the common violations are - Promoting terrorism, crime, and other violent behaviour. Posting vulgar content. Bullying other users. ...
Unlike other global crises, the COVID-19 pandemic offered researchers a unique opportunity to better understand the ways in which journalistic practices in the digital era could be adapted to handle new challenges. In this chapter, we are concerned with