whereTaxis the effective average tax rate by industry in each year, andPolicyis whether the firm is affected by the supply-side structural reform.Tax × Policyis the cross-factor of the supply-side structural reform,φ1indicates the difference in the impact on firms’ R&D innovation after ...
Once you've identified those commodities, build your strategy around them so you can be assured of supply when the inevitable next disruption happens. The goal of your commodity management strategy should be to work toward establishing cost leadership, which is particularly challenging with inflation ...
Printing money: Money supply policies can increase or reduce inflation. If too much money is added to the circulation, this can -- in theory -- be clawed back through higher-rate taxation and can be used to pay off the national debt. However, this method can also devalue a currency an...
High inflation and tangled supply chains have seeped into nearly every nook of the economy, forcing consumers and businesses to make painful decisions that many of them have never had to contemplate before.
If real-time information is quickly processed and provided to the user, it can reduce the adverse effects of the disaster [41]. In his study, Baytiyeh states that it is necessary to pay attention to the role of groups outside the government to improve preparedness against disasters because ...
You have probably heard about inflation on this blog or another. But do you know what currency inflation exactly is? And especially, do you know what causes inflation and what it does to your personal finance? Inflation can come from the economy, from the government, or from demand and sup...
In the basic New Keynesian model the Fed is seen as something like a ship’s captain, which steers the economy between the twin dangers of recession and high inflation. They do so by controlling aggregate demand. It’s not surprising that many people d
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It's inflation that's caused (or supported) by the effects of either supply or demand factors on personal consumption. Tracking this data can help the government understand the unexpected changes in prices as opposed to expected changes, e.g., those due to demographic changes, improvements in ...
On the other hand, Canada has long sold the U.S. 99% or more of its total oil exports: It did so even before the two countries struck a free-trade agreement in 1988. In other words, NAFTA does not appear to have done much to open the U.S. market to Canadian crude. It was alr...