How can RFLP analysis be used to distinguish viruses? How does a virus survive outside a host organism? What is a virus composed of? How can pathogens be transmitted by fomites? 1. Describe 2 methods of viral infection. 2. How can a virus be helpful to its host? Describe briefly, when...
How does polymerase chain reaction (PCR) work? How does PCR work? What techniques of DNA analysis are important to genetic engineering? What does PCR stand for? Hoe is PCR used? What are the steps of a PCR? (a) Describe DNA. (b) Describe the three major steps o...
Describe features that distinguish viruses from bacteria and state whether these microorganisms may be cultured the same way. How can RFLP analysis be used to distinguish viruses? Do we classify viruses as living? Why do we or why do we not classify viruses as living? Describe three ways that ...
Knowing the probable age of a mutation is primarily of academic interest, however, it does provide some insights into demography and history in special populations. Several different models have been proposed for estimating mutation age. We have demonstrated here that single marker, likelihood-based, ...
The authors thank the three anonymous referees for their constructive comments that have improved the presentation of this manuscript. This work was supported by an Outstanding Young Investigator Award of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, a University of Florida Research Opportunity Fund,...