Pyruvate kinase (PK) PK, a key rate-limiting enzyme in the glycolysis pathway [34], catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP to pyruvate and ATP. Because of mutually exclusive alternative splicing [35], PK is divided into two types [36]; the alternatively spliced isoform M2 (...
ChREBP has major roles in the pathogenesis of different types of cancer. ChREBP knockdown by siRNA significantly inhibits aerobic glycolysis and the synthesis of lipids in colon cancer cells. Additionally, ChREBP knockdown activates p53, induces cell cycle arrest, and reduces colon cancer growth i...
These pathways are implicated in biological processes that regulate aging including stem cells, the immune system, cellular senescence and mitochondria. When balances, these processes lead to tissue homeostasis and promote health. However when, imbalances in these processes occur this can lead to the ...
Entry of PICs into the brain can have profound pathological consequences either directly or indirectly. There is now overwhelming evidence that transduced inflammatory signals provoke the development of chronic neuroinflammation secondary to the sequential activation of microglia and astrocytes. Activated microg...
With lactate in an equilibrium with pyruvate this might regulate the cellular lactate -pyruvate ratio. The availability of LDH and MCTs in most mammalian cells enables them to run the glycolysis and TCA cycle independently [15]. 4.7. Alkalinity of Wounds Wound alkalinity, caused by CO2, a ...
They showed that adding a 4-1BB signaling domain to the CAR makes the CAR T cells downregulate the expression of several genes involved in glycolysis and upregulate the genes associated with mitochondrial FAO. They also confirmed that the surface expression of CD137 is a marker of exhausted T...
In physiological conditions, they regulate the intestinal barrier function by upregulation of the expression of the tight junction. Then, they play an important role in T-cell functioning, via regulation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPR43, GPR41, GPR109A) and inhibition of HDAC (i.e., ...
In physiological conditions, they regulate the intestinal barrier function by upregulation of the expression of the tight junction. Then, they play an important role in T-cell functioning, via regulation of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPR43, GPR41, GPR109A) and inhibition of HDAC (i.e., ...