Type 1 patients require exogenous insulin to maintain basal levels of insulin, even while fasting. The long acting form of insulin (NPH), when given around bedtime the prior evening, should be sufficient to maintain appropriate insulin levels until the examination is complete. Blood glucose levels...
As a result, signal transduction from insulin/IGF-1 to AKT gets impaired, and AKT becomes underphosphorylated. This leads to the insufficient FOXO3 phosphorylation, which induces FOXO3 nuclear translocation increasing the expression of muscle-specific E3-ubiquitin ligases. Back in ...