Methods of modifying and in particular stabilizing proteins and polypeptides by which a predetermined amino acid is introduced into selected positions of said protein or polypeptide to produce a small group of mutants. The methods are based on the premise that certain amino acids play a crucial ...
How are polypeptides formed (general mechanism)? Interactions among side chains of the amino acids of a single polypeptide are responsible for the __ structure of a protein. What is the difference between amino acids and enzymes? What are the functions of proteins? How does this ...
The mRNA contains the instructions for making new viral proteins. Translation: The mRNA is carried back out of the nucleus by the cell's enzymes. The virus then uses the cell's natural protein-making mechanisms to make long chains of viral proteins and enzymes. Assembly: RNA and viral enzyme...
How do peptide bonds, polypeptides, and polypeptide chains relate to amino acids? Why is it necessary for polysaccharides, such as starch or cellulose, to be digested outside of the cell even though disaccharides, such as lactose or sucrose, are digestible inside the cell?
It is also here that the pancreas release its secretions of powerful enzymes and bicarbonate, breaking down the semi-digested molecules of carbohydrates - disaccharides, polypeptides of proteins and components of fat. As the chyme passes through the duodenum, absorption of digested material starts in...
Two identical long polypeptides called heavy chains (H). Each of the light chains is bonded to one of the heavy chains. The four polypeptide chains are held together by disulphide (–S–S–) bonds forming a Y– shaped molecule. Each of the four chains has a constant (C) region and a...
This idea has become the most accepted origin of life hypothesis and found its way into textbooks. According to this hypothesis, first organisms did not contain proteins but were constructed of RNA that served both as genetic material and the life processes supporting enzymes (replication, ...
While DNA methylation contains chemical conversion on the DNA structure, most generally happens at the cytosine moiety of CpG dinucleotides, chromatin exchanging happens via histone alteration that in the end affect the interplay of DNA with chromatin-moderating proteins. Both histone modification and ...
As bacteriocins are polypeptides and proteins, temperature control is crucial to ensure their activity during production and use.Streptococcus oralis subsp. dentisani7746 (AB-Dentisanium®), for instance, is optimally concentrated at 30 and 45 °C, with a small reduction in bacteriocin activity ...
How do amino acids react to form proteins? How are the amino acid units in a polypeptide joined together? What are the links called? If you are given a sequence of DNA, how can you predict the sequence of a polypeptide? What is required for an amino acid to become incorporated into a...