Magic molecules: How drugs workthyroglossal duct cystthyroid neoplasmscarcinoma, papillaryaspiration biopsyThe presence of secular trends in the onset or takeoff of the adolescent growth spurt and subsequent adolescent growth of Japanese boys and girls were investigated using data published in "The ...
The molecules get rid of the extra energy in the form of visible light photons. This process, generally known as chemiluminescence, is the same phenomenon that makes fireflies and light sticks glow. Investigators will spray a suspicious area, turn out all the lights and block the windows, and...
If you swapped your eyes for a couple of the world's most powerful microscopes, you'd be able to see things 100 million times smaller: bacteria, viruses, molecules—even the atoms in crystals would be clearly visible to you!Ordinary optical microscopes (light-based microscopes), like the ...
The process continues until you have a long strands of many isoprene molecules linked like a chain. These long strands are called polyisoprene polymer. Each polyisoprene molecule contains thousands of isoprene monomers. As the drying continues, the polyisoprene strands stick together by forming electr...
creating a flow of electrons that in turn transmits microwaves into the cooking chamber through an antenna. Microwaves bounce around in the chamber and cook food through radiation heating—exciting molecules within an object—by becoming lodged in water, sugars, and fats. Because the microwaves can...
The anode, the negative post of the fuel cell, has several jobs. It conducts the electrons that are freed from the hydrogen molecules so that they can be used in an external circuit. It has channels etched into it that disperse the hydrogen gas equally over the surface of the catalyst. ...
Ice is lighter than water because its molecular structure is different: there is more space between water molecules in ice. When water freezes naturally, the molecules organize into hexagons, forming a crystalline lattice (which helps explain why snowflakes look the way they do). This hexagonal ...
Second, lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3) binding to MHC class II molecules inhibits DC maturation and function. Several complicating issues should be considered when evaluating the importance of these varied mechanisms. First, TReg-cell function is considered contact-dependent yet it is not clear...
Enzymes are biological molecules (typically proteins) that significantly speed up the rate of virtually all of the chemical reactions that take place within cells. They are vital for life and serve a wide range of important functions in the body, such as aiding in digestion and metabolism. Some...
To simplify the system,scientists combined the crRNA and tracrRNA moleculesdescribed in the previous section into a single molecule called "guide RNA." "All you need to do to target a new sequence is alter the guide," Van Eenennaam said, which is cheap and quick to do. In contrast,other...