Protein foldingStructural biologyChaperones are cellular factors that help in the folding of newly synthesized polypeptides (or clients) and, in some cases, ensure their integration within larger complexes. They often require non-client proteins, or co-chaperones, to help drive specificity to ...
the plasmid also contains a gene giving the bacteria immunity to a certain antibiotic. By treating the sample with the antibiotic, all of the cells that did not take up the plasmid are killed. Now a new strain of insulin-producing E. coli bacteria can be cultured in bulk to create insulin...
Some cancer cells create TGF-B. Explain how these cancer cells could be immunosuppressive. How do organelles help cells survive? What are the receptors involved in the activation of naive T-cells? What are the ways do cells control osmosis?
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How do plant cells elongate?Answer and Explanation: Plant cells are surrounded by a tough but flexible layer of cellulose and other molecules called the cell wall. The cell wall helps to counteract osmotic pressure created by diffusion of water across the plant's cell membrane; it also, ...
How Do They Work? PCSK9 inhibitors are proteins made in a laboratory. They target other proteins in your body, specifically your liver. Your liver cells have receptors that sweep away excess cholesterol. But another protein called PCSK9 destroys them. That’s where inhibitors come in. They lat...
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up a particular chemical reaction. For example, one of the enzymes in an E. coli's DNA might know how to break a maltose molecule (a simple sugar) into its two glucose molecules. That's all that that particular enzyme can do, but that action is pr...
This system is oftenlikened to the human adaptive immune system, which similarly stores a "memory" of previous infections in order to stave off repeat encounters. Rather than usingimmunecells, like humans do, bacteria use CRISPR. CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and Cas9:CRISPR DNA serves as a permanent re...
s fluids or extracellular space. They can do this by binding to the surface receptors on the pathogen that may be necessary for it to invade cells. They can also trigger agglutination and the precipitation of clumps of the pathogen to make it easier for macrophages to engulf them. Ultimately...