approximately 26 and 20 million years ago. The encephalization quotient (a measure of relative brain size corrected for body size) doubled during each pulse. This transformed the small brain of early elephant relatives into a large brain comparable in every way to that of modern species. ...
What name is given to a form of asexual reproduction in plants where structures become detached from the parent plant and develop into new plants genetically identical to the parent plant? How did sexual reproduction begin? How can sex and reproduction be decoupled in Paramecium?
How did plants evolve from green algae and adapt life on land? How are nekton adapted to life in the sea? What antarctic animals eat phytoplankton? How does phytoplankton migrate through water? What invertebrates live in Antarctica? How do plankton, nekton and benthos depend on one another?
Eventually, these simple life forms split and began to evolve separately. All animals, plants, and fungi trace back to this time. It’s difficult to pinpoint what order and the exact way this occurred. When did multicellular organisms first appear? Around 900 million years ago multicellular lif...
From an evolutionary perspective, what's the role of crop pests in nature? Why haven't these insects developed symbiotic relationships with plants? Explain how coevolution describe species interactions? How do organisms evolve to maintain their interactions (ex: mutualism, parasitism, ...
likely prompted single-celled eukaryotes to evolve into multicellular organisms. A recent study suggests that this shift, influenced by increased ocean viscosity and resource deprivation, could explain the simultaneous emergence of complex life forms like animals, plants, and fungi. Credit: SciTechDaily...
To the detriment of those benefits, however, coral reefs have been deteriorating since the 1970s under a cascade of human impacts. Overfishing disrupts their complex communities of large predators, smaller prey species and “grazers” such as parrotfish and urchins that clean large algae off corals...
The phagotrophic ancestor of the kingdom Archaeplastida, including glaucophytes, red algae, and green plants, regularly fed on cyanobacteria, from which genes migrated to the host nucleus via endosymbiotic gene transfer (A). When these endosymbionts evolved into primary plastids, they made use of...
algae to plants to fungi. but animals were the first to develop complex bodies, emerging as the most dramatic example of early multicellular success. to understand why this might have happened the way it did, king began studying choanoflagellates, the closest living relative to animals, nearly...
Would it be simple forms of life such as bacteria, viruses or algae, or more advanced, multi-cellular creatures, perhaps even intelligent beings? Would aliens be animals, plants or have characteristics of both? Would they have arms and legs and walk upright as we do? Would they depend upon...