Headline inflation is the raw inflation figure reported in relation to the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The CPI determines inflation by calculating the prices on a fixed basket of goods. Core inflation removes the CPI components that can exhibit large amounts of volatility from month to month. I...
Demographics refers to the description or distribution of characteristics of some target audience, customer base, or population. Governments use socioeconomic information to understand the age, racial makeup, and income distribution (among several other variables) in neighborhoods, cities, states, and na...
First, we added a series of macro variables, such as GDP growth rate, M2 growth rate, and CPI growth rate, to the control variables. As can be seen from columns (1) and (2), the regression coefficient of CPU is still significantly negative at the 1% level. The baseline regression ...
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Even if we take into account some differences in price growth (in the manufacturing sector), we observe only a marginal real appreciation (cumulatively by 3.5%—on average, 0.2% annually—see Figure 1). If we look at consumer price indices as a deflator (see Figure 2), we may find ...