While governments usually try to prevent monopolies, in certain situations they encourage or even create them. In many cases government-created monopolies are intended to result in economies of scale that benefit consumers by keeping costs down. Utility companies that provide water, natural gas, or ...
Throughout history, various governments have imposed legal monopolies on a variety ofcommodities, including salt, iron, and tobacco. The very earliest iteration of a legal monopoly is the Statute of Monopolies of 1623, an act by England's Parliament. Under this statute, patents evolved fromletters...
Kick-starting the market is not enough—governments need to plan, orchestrate, and incentivize the buildout of EV charging stations, setting the stage for private investment.
Why do governments allow some monopolies to exist? Why are monopolies, for the most part, illegal? Why is Google allowed to exist as a monopoly, with greater than 64% of the US market share and 20% of the US profit margin? Why isn't DeBeers reprimanded for having a monopoly on diamond...
Beginning in the early 1900s, governments started intervening to protect the working class from the owner class. In the U.S., Congress passed laws that madechild laborillegal, capped the length of the work day and banned monopolies. To some, the anti-trust laws of the 1920s seemed to go...
not by any contribution to production that was made by Britain’s hereditary landlord class. They just collected rent. Owners of monopolies had bought their privilege in return for lending money to governments, mainly to wage war. So Adam Smith opposed wars and projects of empire as the cause...
After privatisation, as a result of the 25–30 year deals done with governments, they become monopolies and are accountable only to shareholders. This means that profits become the main focus of the companies. For example, Northumbrian Water's operating profit jumped from ...
Starting in the 1990’s, some areas of the United States decided (and acted upon) the fact thatthe electricity utility companieshad become monopolies. To introduce competition into the market, “energy deregulation” was introduced. Deregulation separates the delivery of electricity (and in so...
To cope with social and economic pressures, authorities can shift their focus to immediate social support, rather than investing in renewable energy. The agency theory of Meckling and Jensen [71] suggests that agents (governments) may adopt opportunistic behaviors that are not aligned with the ...
final consumption rate, contributing 23.41% of the decline in the final consumption rate. Our findings provide new insights into the causes of low consumption and suggest that economic rebalancing can be achieved by breaking land monopolies through land supply-side reforms and land marketization ...