Growth rates refer to the percentage change of a specific variable within a specific time period. Growth rates can be positive or negative, depending on whether the size of the variable is increasing or decreasing over time. Growth rates were first used by biologists studying population sizes, bu...
in the us can move a bit northward, crop yields may decrease. 42. one possible solution to the food security problem is diversification of diet. 43. it remains unsettled whether the global food supply problem can be ...
Moreover, population size shows negative effect on the USC. Second, the impact of FDI on the USC is regionally heterogeneous. FDI can significantly improve the USC in the eastern region, but has no significant effects on the northeastern, central and western regions. Third, FDI in the eastern...
False positives can occur for a variety of reasons, but they usually fall into one of the following categories: the presence of reverse causality, omitted variables, and peculiarities in the statistics used. In our case, the problem of reverse causality seems to be significant. There may be a...
GDP provides an economic snapshot of a country, used to estimate the size of an economy and its growth rate. GDP can be calculated in three ways, using expenditures, production, or incomes, and it can be adjusted for inflation and population to provide deeper insights. ...
Can a population evolve solely due to genetic drift? How does genetic drift cause alleles to become fixed? How do populations evolve the gene pool? How does genetic drift lead to speciation? Why does genetic drift decrease variation? How does increased gene flow affect a population?
How are genetic drift and population size related? Why is gene flow important to evolution? Can gene flow affect mutation rate? How does microevolution affect a gene pool? Does gene flow increase natural selection? Does gene flow decrease divergence between populations?
Rather than asking what is the size of the population at time t, we ask, what is the rate at which the population is growing at time t. The rate is symbolized as dN/dt which simply means “change in N relative to change in t,” and if you recall your basic calculus, we c...
After the walk, the participants underwent the fMRI scanning procedure again and filled out the questionnaires. Full size image After the scanning session, participants were randomly assigned to a 60-minute walk in either a natural or urban environment (Fig. 2). Even though the definition and ...
At the full text review stage, only studies conducted at a large-scale, defined as one including a population of at least 10,000 individuals in urban areas or at least 10 villages and 1,000 individuals in rural areas, were included. If the information on scale (size study population or ...